Introduction

Although most cells in a multicellular organism have the same DNA, they can look and function very differently. This resource introduces students to epigenetics: reversible changes in gene activity that do not alter the DNA sequence itself. Students will learn about two key epigenetic mechanisms: histone modifications and DNA methylation. The primary focus of this resource is on how epigenetic changes, particularly DNA methylation patterns, can serve as powerful tools in ageing research. Through analysing simplified datasets, students will investigate epigenetic clocks and discover how these molecular patterns change predictably over time, allowing scientists to estimate biological age.

Overview

This flexible resource is designed for secondary school teachers and students aged 16–19. It supports both traditional classroom teaching and flipped learning. It contains fact sheets on genetics and epigenetics, as well as student worksheets featuring data-driven activities and comprehensive teacher support materials.

Students can explore epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, analyse real-world datasets and develop their own epigenetic clock model. The resource reinforces basic knowledge of DNA and gene expression while developing data analysis skills.

Aligned with major curricula (GCSE, A-Level, IB and AP), it enables students to evaluate the role of epigenetics in understanding biological ageing.

Resource package

Click the buttons below to access the PDF resource in your preferred language.

We welcome your and your students’ feedback on the resource, so feel free to share it with us via email at emblog-ells@embl.org.