Cells

In multicellular organisms, cells differentiate into various types and form tissues and organs carrying out specific functions. Evolution has come up with an incredible variety of cell types. Cells have evolved elaborate signalling mechanisms for transmitting information, and safety mechanisms to protect the organism against external threats and internal damage. Some of the main goals of cell biology are to understand these functions, the structures and processes within cells, and the dynamic interactions between cells.

Across all EMBL sites, researchers investigate cellular processes at various scales. One focus is the processes by which cells organise their genomes within the spatial limitations of the nucleus. Another is understanding how mechanical and chemical cues combine to influence cell shapes and functions. EMBL researchers also study cell differentiation – the process during which a cell develops into another cell type with a different function, usually becoming more specialised.

Cell biology research is becoming increasingly multidisciplinary, and EMBL’s organisational structure helps to facilitate interactions between researchers with a diverse range of expertise. Cell biology integrates bioinformatic simulations and predictive modelling approaches. Systems biology helps scientists to obtain a detailed picture of cellular activity by combining measurements of gene expression, protein levels, signalling activities, and more. Advances in imaging technology permit more detailed views of cells and their components. These multidisciplinary approaches allow EMBL researchers to better understand the complex interplay of processes taking place inside a cell.