{"id":8898,"date":"2016-12-21T19:00:07","date_gmt":"2016-12-21T18:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.embl.de\/?p=8898"},"modified":"2024-03-25T10:06:27","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T09:06:27","slug":"1612-how-flu-steals-your-rna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1612-how-flu-steals-your-rna\/","title":{"rendered":"How flu steals your RNA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>New work by EMBL scientists published this week in <em>Nature<\/em> explains how the influenza virus\u2019 transcription machine interacts with its counterpart in the host cell, offering new possibilities for anti-viral drug design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019ve uncovered the details of a mechanism that\u2019s common to all influenza strains, so we believe this could be a good target for developing new flu drugs,\u201d says EMBL\u2019s Stephen Cusack, who led the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The influenza virus poses a serious health threat to groups including the elderly, pregnant women, the very young and those with compromised immune systems. Vaccination only offers protection against certain strains and is therefore not always effective, particularly against completely new strains such as the one that arose during the pandemic of 2009. Novel drugs that could be used to prevent or treat any influenza infection are therefore highly desirable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once inside our cells, the flu virus\u2019s transcription machine \u2013 called the flu polymerase \u2013 needs to convert the virus\u2019 genetic material into a form called messenger RNA that can be used to make viral proteins. The viral polymerase doesn\u2019t have all the tools it needs to complete this process, so to accomplish the job it has to \u2018steal\u2019 stretches of host cell RNA, which are produced by its counterpart, the human polymerase. The EMBL scientists found that flu polymerase binds to part of the human polymerase, enabling it to sneak in and steal the RNA material it requires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-8905\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"300\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/141216-flu-RNA_22.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8905\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/141216-flu-RNA_22.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/141216-flu-RNA_22-300x145.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">To make human proteins, the human polymerase (left) produces messenger RNA (red). The influenza polymerase (right) binds via its beige region to the long tail of the human polymerase, allowing it to &#8220;steal&#8221; the RNA (red) and pirate it to direct production of viral messenger RNA and hence viral proteins. IMAGE: Maria Lukaska\/EMBL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Using the X-rays produced at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility on the EPN campus in Grenoble, the EMBL scientists were able to determine precisely how the two polymerases bind to each other. This enabled them to make changes in the viral polymerase that would disrupt this binding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur experiments show that when the binding is disrupted, the flu polymerase is unable to steal the RNA it needs from the host polymerase; it\u2019s stopped in its tracks,\u201d explains Maria Lukarska, a PhD student on the project. \u201cIt appears that binding of the flu polymerase to the host polymerase is essential for proliferation of the virus.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research focused initially on polymerase from a flu strain that only infect bats. Subsequent experiments in collaboration with scientists from the Pasteur Institute in Paris confirmed that preventing the polymerase from flu strains that infect humans from binding to the human polymerase also inhibited viral replication in human cells. Since this mechanism is found in all flu strains, the scientists hope these results will stimulate the development of novel influenza drugs targeting this essential interaction.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding how the flu virus steals host RNA offers hope of new drugs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":8899,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[335,37,32,1748,35],"embl_taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-8898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-cusack","tag-grenoble","tag-health","tag-press-release","tag-structural-biology"],"acf":{"article_intro":"<p>Close interaction of influenza and host cell machineries is essential for the virus to make the cell produce viral proteins<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Previous work by Cusack's lab on flu polymerase","link_url":"https:\/\/news.embl.de\/science\/1411_flu\/"},{"link_description":"Cusack group","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.fr\/research\/unit\/cusack\/index.html"},{"link_description":"European Synchrotron Radiation Facility","link_url":"http:\/\/www.esrf.eu\/"}],"article_sources":[{"source_description":"<p>Lukarska M <em>et al<\/em>, <em>Nature<\/em>, 21 December 2016. DOI: 10.1038\/nature20594<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nature20594"}],"vf_locked":false,"featured":false,"color":"#007B53","show_featured_image":false,"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","translations":false,"press_contact":"EMBL Generic"},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Understanding how the flu virus steals host RNA offers hope of new drugs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EMBL scientists show that close interaction of influenza and host cell transcription machineries is essential for the survival of the virus\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1612-how-flu-steals-your-rna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Understanding how the flu virus steals host RNA offers hope of new drugs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EMBL scientists show that close interaction of influenza and host cell transcription machineries is essential for the survival of the virus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1612-how-flu-steals-your-rna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-12-21T18:00:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-25T09:06:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/161221-flu-virus-RNA_ib.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"425\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Rosemary Wilson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@rawilson80\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Rosemary Wilson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1612-how-flu-steals-your-rna\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1612-how-flu-steals-your-rna\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Rosemary Wilson\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/bb5e57a6c6c5c3b33a6a40b2d4c96e40\"},\"headline\":\"How flu steals your RNA\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-12-21T18:00:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-25T09:06:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1612-how-flu-steals-your-rna\/\"},\"wordCount\":478,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1612-how-flu-steals-your-rna\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/161221-flu-virus-RNA_ib.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"cusack\",\"grenoble\",\"health\",\"press release\",\"structural biology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; 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A new strain of H1N1 flu virus caused pandemic in 2009. 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