{"id":73075,"date":"2025-01-24T09:04:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-24T08:04:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=73075"},"modified":"2025-07-15T13:50:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T11:50:21","slug":"how-have-human-activities-disrupted-the-ecosystems-of-europes-coasts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science-technology\/how-have-human-activities-disrupted-the-ecosystems-of-europes-coasts\/","title":{"rendered":"How have human activities disrupted the ecosystems of Europe&#8217;s coasts?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Ifremer Press release<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All pollution generated by human activities eventually reaches the ocean, with coastal ecosystems on the front line. In 2023, Ifremer embarked on a vast European survey, taking 124 sediment cores from 15 coastal sites in 9 countries. The aim: to find out if and how major historical events of the Anthropocene, such as the Second World War, Chernobyl, or the rise of certain practices ranging from pesticide use to port construction, have upset the fragile health of ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Did you know that human history is also archived in marine sediments? This is what Raffaele Siano, a researcher in the molecular ecology of micro-organisms at Ifremer, revealed in 2021 in the journal <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/current-biology\/fulltext\/S0960-9822(21)00452-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Current Biology<\/a><\/em>, when he demonstrated, thanks to traces of ancient DNA preserved in sediments, a clear correlation between drastic and irreversible changes in the planktonic communities of the Brest roadstead and major human impacts, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifremer.fr\/fr\/presse\/comment-le-plancton-marin-cotier-change-apres-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-conclusions-de-l\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">notably the Second World War and the rise of intensive agriculture<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These locally demonstrated discoveries were the first step towards a larger project called Paleocore, which is part of two other European programs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/info\/trec\/\">The TREC (Traversing European Coastlines) project,<\/a> conceived by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/\">European Molecular Biology Laboratory<\/a> (EMBL), in collaboration with the Tara Oc\u00e9an consortium,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.embrc.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> the Tara Oc\u00e9an Foundation<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.embrc.eu\/\"> the EMBRC<\/a>, and over 90 scientific institutions, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifremer.fr\/fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ifremer<\/a>. Its aim is to explore the biodiversity and adaptability of microbial communities and a selection of key organisms along European coasts from Finland to Greece. Over an 18-month period, the scientific teams involved collected 70,000 samples of water, soil, sediment, and air from 115 sampling sites on land and at sea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The<a href=\"https:\/\/biocean5d.org\/\"> BIOcean5D<\/a> project, jointly led by EMBL and CNRS, involving more than 20 institutes in Europe, including Ifremer. It shares a common goal of exploring marine life and its evolution in relation to space, time, and the impact of mankind.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Going back in time to better understand current and future developments<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike other studies organised as part of TREC or BIOcean5D, Ifremer&#8217;s scientists have not sought to use live samples to study the current diversity of plankton and organisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe whole point of the Paleocore project lies in this &#8216;paleo&#8217; prefix,\u201d insisted Raffaele Siano, a researcher in the molecular ecology of micro-organisms at Ifremer. \u201cJust as palaeontologists used traces of metals and fossils found in geological layers to link the disappearance of the dinosaurs to intense volcanic activity and a meteorite fall in the Cretaceous, we&#8217;re looking to link changes in plankton communities to major historical human impacts by tracking traces of pollutants and DNA of different plankton species in ancient marine sediments.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Over 10,000 samples collected in 9 European countries<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"480\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Paleo-EN_OK-002.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-73077\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Paleo-EN_OK-002.png 624w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Paleo-EN_OK-002-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Paleocore scientists carried out shallow sea coring at six sites in France (Baie des Veys, Roscoff, Rade de Brest, Lorient, La Tremblade, Lagune de Thau), two sites in Spain (Bilbao, Barcelona) and seven other sites in Poland (Gda\u0144sk), Finland (Turku), Sweden (Kristineberg), Estonia (Tallinn), Germany (Rostock), Italy (Naples), Greece (Athens). The core sample taken from the Rade de Brest is also being used as part of the<a href=\"https:\/\/www-iuem.univ-brest.fr\/lemar\/projets-scientifiques\/pacte\/\"> Pacte project<\/a> funded by the Isblue University Research School. Credit: Ifremer &#8211; J\u00e9r\u00e9my Barrault<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>From the 124 cores measuring between 50 and 120 cm that were taken in 2023 and 2024 at 15 sites in Europe, Ifremer teams, in collaboration with local partners and EMBL, extracted 10,000 samples. These cores will make it possible to go back to the end of the 20th century or the beginning of the 21st century, and some even cover longer periods beyond the 18th century. All will enable us to link changes in biodiversity to the history of the impact of human activities in Europe, from the war in 1945 to microplastics from the 1990s onwards, to pesticides in the 1980s and Chernobyl in 1986, or to major local events, whether natural or man-made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDepending on the location, we target certain peaks of human activity or major historical events,&#8221; explained Siano. \u201cIn Naples, for example, the core samples we take enable us to go back to 1816 and track down all the changes potentially linked to the use of pesticides in agriculture, urbanisation, the boom in tourism, and also the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (1944). Sediments from Lorient, Gda\u0144sk (Poland), and Rostock (Germany), on the other hand, are likely to have retained memories of the effects of port development and the second World War. Samples taken at La Tremblade and Etang de Thau in France, and at Turku in Finland, respectively, focus on the effects of oyster and salmon farming.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A complete examination to reveal the history of each core<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once repatriated to Ifremer, each sediment core begins a long process of analysis. All have been dated in collaboration with the EPOC unit in Bordeaux. They will now be examined from every angle by five Ifremer teams: from the granulometry of the sediments to the study of chemical contaminants present, the genetic analysis of DNA traces left by the species then present, and the identification of any small organisms less than a millimetre in size still nesting in the sediments (meiofauna) and phytoplankton cysts. The first results will be available by the end of 2025. They will provide a new reading of the ecological history of our coasts in relation to human history. They will also enable us to assess the resilience of an ecosystem in the face of such impacts. All of these new elements are essential for European-level reflection on the management of chemical contamination in the marine environment and the protection of biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>BIOcean5D is co-funded by the European Union (Horizon Europe), with Swiss and UK partners receiving funding from Swiss and UK governments, respectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"french\"><strong>Comment les activit\u00e9s humaines ont-elles boulevers\u00e9 les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes des c\u00f4tes europ\u00e9ennes ?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le projet Paleocore, financ\u00e9 par BIOcean5D et men\u00e9 par l&#8217;institut fran\u00e7ais de la mer Ifremer dans le cadre de l&#8217;exp\u00e9dition TREC, vise \u00e0 \u00e9tudier les s\u00e9diments marins pour comprendre l&#8217;impact des grands \u00e9v\u00e9nements historiques sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Communiqu\u00e9 de presse de l\u2019Ifremer<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toute pollution g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par les activit\u00e9s humaines gagne un jour l\u2019Oc\u00e9an avec en premi\u00e8re ligne les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers. En 2023, l\u2019Ifremer s\u2019est lanc\u00e9 dans une vaste enqu\u00eate europ\u00e9enne en pr\u00e9levant 124 carottes s\u00e9dimentaires sur 15 sites littoraux de 9 pays. Objectif : savoir si et comment des faits historiques majeurs de l\u2019Anthropoc\u00e8ne, comme la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la catastrophe Tchernobyl ou l\u2019essor de certaines pratiques allant de l\u2019usage des pesticides \u00e0 de la construction de ports, ont pu bouleverser la sant\u00e9 fragile des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes c\u00f4tiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Saviez-vous que l\u2019histoire des hommes est aussi archiv\u00e9e dans les s\u00e9diments marins ?<strong> <\/strong>C\u2019est ce que Raffaele Siano, chercheur en \u00e9cologie mol\u00e9culaire des micro-organismes \u00e0 l\u2019Ifremer r\u00e9v\u00e9lait en 2021 dans la <em>revue Current Biology<\/em> en d\u00e9montrant, gr\u00e2ce aux traces d\u2019ADN ancien conserv\u00e9es dans les s\u00e9diments, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifremer.fr\/fr\/presse\/comment-le-plancton-marin-cotier-change-apres-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-conclusions-de-l\">une corr\u00e9lation claire entre des changements drastiques et irr\u00e9versibles des communaut\u00e9s planctoniques<\/a> de la rade de Brest et des impacts humains majeurs notamment la Seconde Guerre mondiale et l\u2019essor de l\u2019agriculture intensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces d\u00e9couvertes d\u00e9montr\u00e9es localement ont ouvert le chemin vers un projet plus vaste baptis\u00e9 Paleocore qui s\u2019inscrit dans deux programmes europ\u00e9ens :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/info\/trec\/\">Le projet TREC (Traversing European Coastlines)<\/a> con\u00e7u par l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/\">European Molecular Biology Laboratory<\/a> (EMBL) en collaboration avec le consortium Tara Oc\u00e9an,<a href=\"https:\/\/fondationtaraocean.org\/\"> la Fondation Tara Oc\u00e9an<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.embrc.eu\/\"> l\u2019EMBRC<\/a>, et plus de 90 institutions scientifiques dont l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifremer.fr\/fr\">Ifremer<\/a>. Il a pour objectif d\u2019explorer la biodiversit\u00e9 et l&#8217;adaptabilit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s de microbes et d\u2019une s\u00e9lection d\u2019organismes-cl\u00e9s le long des c\u00f4tes europ\u00e9ennes depuis la Finlande jusqu\u2019en Gr\u00e8ce. En 18 mois, les \u00e9quipes scientifiques impliqu\u00e9es ont pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s 70 000 \u00e9chantillons d\u2019eau, de sols, de s\u00e9diments et d\u2019air sur 115 sites d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage \u00e0 terre et en mer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le projet<a href=\"https:\/\/biocean5d.org\/\"> BIOcean5D<\/a> port\u00e9 conjointement par l\u2019EMBL et le CNRS et impliquant plus de 20 instituts en Europe dont l\u2019Ifremer. Il partage un objectif commun d\u2019explorer la vie marine et son \u00e9volution en fonction de l&#8217;espace, du temps et des impacts des activit\u00e9s humaines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Remonter le temps pour mieux comprendre les \u00e9volutions actuelles et futures&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A la diff\u00e9rence des autres \u00e9tudes organis\u00e9es dans le cadre de TREC ou de BIOcean5D, les scientifiques de l\u2019Ifremer n\u2019ont pas cherch\u00e9 ici \u00e0 \u00e9tudier la diversit\u00e9 actuelle du plancton et des organismes en pr\u00e9levant des \u00e9chantillons vivants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u00ab Tout l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat du projet Paleocore tient dans ce pr\u00e9fixe \u00ab paleo \u00bb, insiste Raffaele Siano. A la mani\u00e8re des pal\u00e9ontologues qui ont utilis\u00e9 les traces de m\u00e9taux et les fossiles retrouv\u00e9s dans les couches g\u00e9ologiques pour r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 relier la disparition des dinosaures \u00e0 une intense activit\u00e9 volcanique et \u00e0 une chute de m\u00e9t\u00e9orite au Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9, nous cherchons \u00e0 relier les changements des communaut\u00e9s de plancton \u00e0 des impacts humains historiques majeurs en traquant dans les s\u00e9diments marins anciens les traces de polluants et les traces d\u2019ADN des diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces de plancton \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong> Plus de 10 000 \u00e9chantillons pr\u00e9lev\u00e9s dans 9 pays europ\u00e9ens<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"789\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/01-Paleo_jd_OK_FR-002-1024x789.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-73081\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/01-Paleo_jd_OK_FR-002-1024x789.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/01-Paleo_jd_OK_FR-002-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/01-Paleo_jd_OK_FR-002-768x591.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Les scientifiques de Paleocore ont effectu\u00e9 des carottages en mer \u00e0 faible profondeur dans six sites en France (Baie des Veys, Roscoff, Rade de Brest, Lorient, La Tremblade, Lagune de Thau), deux sites en Espagne (Bilbao, Barcelone) et sept autres sites en Pologne (Gda\u0144sk), en Finlande (Turku), en Su\u00e8de (Kristineberg), en Estonie (Tallinn), en Allemagne (Rostock), en Italie (Naples), en Gr\u00e8ce (Ath\u00e8nes). La carotte pr\u00e9lev\u00e9e dans la Rade de Brest est aussi utilis\u00e9e dans le cadre du<a href=\"https:\/\/www-iuem.univ-brest.fr\/lemar\/projets-scientifiques\/pacte\/\"> projet Pacte<\/a> financ\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9cole universitaire de recherche Isblue. Cr\u00e9dit : Ifremer &#8211; J\u00e9r\u00e9my Barrault<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Des 124 carottes mesurant entre 50 et 120 cm qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9lev\u00e9es en 2023 et 2024 sur 15 sites en Europe, les \u00e9quipes de l\u2019Ifremer, en collaboration avec des partenaire locaux et l\u2019EMBL, ont extrait 10 0000 \u00e9chantillons. Ces carottes permettent de remonter jusqu au d\u00e9but du 21<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle ou \u00e0 la fin du 20<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, voire bien au-del\u00e0 pour certaines qui couvrent des p\u00e9riodes plus longues au-del\u00e0 du 18<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle. Toutes permettront de lier des changements de biodiversit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019histoire des activit\u00e9s humaines en Europe, de la guerre en 1945 aux microplastiques \u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1990, en passant par les pesticides dans les ann\u00e9es 1980 et la catastrophe de Tchernobyl en 1986, ou \u00e0 des \u00e9v\u00e8nements locaux importants, naturels ou d\u2019origine anthropique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab Selon les lieux, nous ciblons certains pics d\u2019activit\u00e9s humaines ou certains faits historiques majeurs, explique Raffaele Siano. A Naples, par exemple, les carottes pr\u00e9lev\u00e9es nous permettent de remonter jusqu\u2019en 1816 et de traquer tous les changements potentiellement li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019usage des pesticides en agriculture, \u00e0 l\u2019urbanisation, \u00e0 l\u2019essor du tourisme mais aussi \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ruption du V\u00e9suve (1944). Tandis que les s\u00e9diments de Lorient, Gda\u0144sk (Pologne) et de Rostock (Allemagne) devraient avoir garder en m\u00e9moire les effets du d\u00e9veloppement portuaire et de la seconde guerre mondiale.&nbsp; Les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 La Tremblade et dans l\u2019\u00e9tang de Thau en France et \u00e0 Turku en Finlande s\u2019int\u00e9ressent, quant \u00e0 eux, respectivement aux effets de l\u2019ostr\u00e9iculture et la salmoniculture \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Un examen complet pour r\u00e9v\u00e9ler l\u2019histoire de chaque carotte<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Une fois rapatri\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Ifremer, chaque carotte de s\u00e9diments commence un long parcours d\u2019analyses. Toutes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 dat\u00e9es en collaboration avec l\u2019unit\u00e9 mixte de recherches EPOC de Bordeaux. Elles seront maintenant regard\u00e9es sous toutes les coutures par 5 \u00e9quipes de l\u2019Ifremer : depuis la granulom\u00e9trie des s\u00e9diments, l\u2019\u00e9tude des contaminants chimiques pr\u00e9sents, l\u2019analyse g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des traces d\u2019ADN laiss\u00e9es par les esp\u00e8ces alors pr\u00e9sentes jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019identification des \u00e9ventuels petits organismes de moins d&#8217;un millim\u00e8tre encore nich\u00e9s dans les s\u00e9diments (m\u00e9iofaune) et des kystes de phytoplancton. Les premiers r\u00e9sultats seront connus fin 2025. Ils livreront une nouvelle lecture de l\u2019histoire \u00e9cologique de nos c\u00f4tes en lien avec l\u2019histoire humaine.<strong> <\/strong>Ils permettront \u00e9galement d\u2019\u00e9valuer le temps de r\u00e9silience d\u2019un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me face de tels impacts. Autant de nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments essentiels pour nourrir une r\u00e9flexion \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne sur la gestion des contaminations chimiques en milieu marin et la protection de la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Le projet BIOcean5D est cofinanc\u00e9 par l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne (Horizon Europe); les partenaires suisses et britanniques re\u00e7oivent des fonds de leurs gouvernements respectifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"italian\"><strong>In che modo le attivit\u00e0 umane hanno sconvolto gli ecosistemi delle coste europee?<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Il progetto Paleocore, condotto nell\u2019ambito della spedizione europea TREC, \u00e8 coordinato da Raffaele Siano, un ricercatore italiano dell&#8217;istituto marino francese Ifremer. Finanziato nell\u2019ambito del progetto BIOcean5D, Paloecore ha l\u2019obiettivo di studiare i sedimenti marini per comprendere l&#8217;impatto dei principali eventi storici sugli ecosistemi.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Comunicato stampa dell&#8217;Ifremer<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;inquinamento generato dalle attivit\u00e0 umane finisce per raggiungere l&#8217;oceano e danneggia gli&nbsp; ecosistemi costieri che sono in prima linea. Nel 2023, Ifremer ha intrapreso una vasta indagine europea, prelevando 124 campioni di sedimento da 15 siti costieri in 9 Paesi. L&#8217;obiettivo \u00e8 scoprire se e come i principali eventi storici dell&#8217;Antropocene, come la seconda guerra mondiale, Chernobyl o l&#8217;affermarsi di alcune pratiche &#8211; dall&#8217;uso di pesticidi alla costruzione di porti &#8211; abbiano danneggiato la fragile salute degli ecosistemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sapevate che la storia umana \u00e8 archiviata anche nei sedimenti marini? \u00c8 quanto ha rivelato Raffaele Siano, ricercatore in ecologia molecolare dei microrganismi presso l&#8217;Ifremer, che in una pubblicazione del 2021 sulla rivista Current Biology ha dimostrato, grazie a tracce di DNA antico conservate nei sedimenti, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifremer.fr\/fr\/presse\/comment-le-plancton-marin-cotier-change-apres-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-conclusions-de-l\">una chiara correlazione tra i cambiamenti drastici e irreversibili delle comunit\u00e0 planctoniche della rada di Brest e i principali impatti umani &#8211; in particolare la seconda guerra mondiale e l&#8217;aumento dell&#8217;agricoltura intensiva.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Queste scoperte dimostrate localmente sono state il primo passo verso un progetto pi\u00f9 ampio chiamato Paleocore, condotto nell\u2019ambito di altri due programmi europei:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/info\/trec\/\">Il progetto TREC<\/a> (Traversing European Coastlines), ideato dall&#8217;EMBL &#8211; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), in collaborazione con il consorzio Tara Oc\u00e9an, la <a href=\"https:\/\/fondationtaraocean.org\/\">Tara Oc\u00e9an Foundation<\/a>, l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.embrc.eu\/\">EMBRC<\/a> e oltre 90 istituzioni scientifiche, tra cui <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifremer.fr\/fr\">Ifremer<\/a>. L&#8217;obiettivo \u00e8 esplorare la biodiversit\u00e0 e l&#8217;adattabilit\u00e0 delle comunit\u00e0 microbiche e di una selezione di organismi chiave lungo le coste europee dalla Finlandia alla Grecia. Nell&#8217;arco di 18 mesi, i team scientifici coinvolti hanno raccolto 70.000 campioni di acqua, suolo, sedimenti e aria da 115 siti di campionamento a terra e in mare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/biocean5d.org\/\">Il progetto BIOcean5D<\/a>, guidato congiuntamente da EMBL e dal centro nazionale di ricerca francese CNRS, coinvolge pi\u00f9 di 20 istituti in Europa, tra cui Ifremer. Condivide l&#8217;obiettivo comune di esplorare la vita marina e la sua evoluzione in relazione allo spazio, al tempo e all&#8217;impatto dell&#8217;uomo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tornare indietro nel tempo per comprendere meglio gli sviluppi attuali e futuri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A differenza di altri studi organizzati nell&#8217;ambito dei progetti TREC o BIOcean5D, gli scienziati dell&#8217;Ifremer non hanno cercato di studiare l&#8217;attuale diversit\u00e0 del plancton e degli organismi prelevando campioni vivi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cL&#8217;obiettivo del progetto Paleocore sta tutto in questo prefisso &#8216;<em>paleo<\/em>&#8216;\u201d, dice Raffaele Siano. \u201cProprio come i paleontologi hanno utilizzato tracce di metalli e fossili trovati negli strati geologici per collegare la scomparsa dei dinosauri a un&#8217;intensa attivit\u00e0 vulcanica e alla caduta di un meteorite nel Cretaceo, noi stiamo cercando di collegare i cambiamenti nelle comunit\u00e0 di plancton ai principali impatti storici dell&#8217;uomo, tracciando residui di inquinanti e DNA di diverse specie di plancton in antichi sedimenti marini\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Oltre 10.000 campioni raccolti in 9 paesi europei&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-rt.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXeMpXKsSfidsvnSOR4WlfRxDS8Mpi9acMEqmRvILDYeU4upii-ZhPFC-jPN0zs3i_-78fc_sKHXDz3ck_preQd9gwX_2f7YMtEbtUy2LppQ6uENBZkCJOJtdhf71z2sbjR5fuljgw?key=NsRZbfhXQfiJV8iMLr52DvGy\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:768px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Gli scienziati di Paleocore hanno effettuato carotaggi in mare aperto in sei siti in Francia (Baie des Veys, Roscoff, Rade de Brest, Lorient, La Tremblade, Lagune de Thau), in due siti in Spagna (Bilbao, Barcellona) e in altri sette siti in Polonia (Danzica), Finlandia (Turku), Svezia (Kristineberg), Estonia (Tallinn), Germania (Rostock), Italia (Napoli), Grecia (Atene). Il campione prelevato dalla Rade de Brest viene utilizzato anche nell&#8217;ambito del <a href=\"https:\/\/www-iuem.univ-brest.fr\/lemar\/projets-scientifiques\/pacte\/\">progetto Pacte<\/a>, finanziato dalla Isblue University Research School. Crediti: Ifremer &#8211; J\u00e9r\u00e9my Barrault<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dai 124 carotaggi di dimensioni comprese tra 50 e 120 cm effettuati nel 2023 e 2024 in 15 siti in Europa, i ricercatori Ifremer, in collaborazione con i partner locali e l&#8217;EMBL, hanno estratto 10.000 campioni. Questi carotaggi permetteranno di risalire alla fine del XX secolo o all&#8217;inizio del XXI secolo, mentre alcuni coprono periodi pi\u00f9 lunghi arrivando fino al XVIII secolo. Tutto ci\u00f2 ci permetter\u00e0 di collegare i cambiamenti della biodiversit\u00e0 alla storia dell&#8217;impatto delle attivit\u00e0 umane in Europa &#8211; dalla guerra del 1945 alle microplastiche a partire dagli anni &#8217;90, ai pesticidi negli anni &#8217;80 e a Chernobyl nel 1986, o ai grandi eventi locali, naturali o causati dall&#8217;uomo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cA seconda del luogo, ci rivolgiamo a determinati picchi di attivit\u00e0 umana o a grandi eventi storici\u201d, spiega Raffaele Siano. \u201cA Napoli, per esempio, i campioni prelevati ci permettono di risalire al 1816 e di rintracciare tutti i cambiamenti potenzialmente legati all&#8217;uso di pesticidi in agricoltura, all&#8217;urbanizzazione, al boom del turismo e anche all&#8217;eruzione del Vesuvio (1944). I sedimenti di Lorient (Francia), Danzica (Polonia) e Rostock (Germania), invece, hanno probabilmente conservato la memoria degli effetti dello sviluppo portuale e della seconda guerra mondiale. I campioni prelevati a La Tremblade e Etang de Thau in Francia, e a Turku in Finlandia, rispettivamente, si concentrano sugli effetti dell&#8217;allevamento di ostriche e salmoni\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Un esame completo per scoprire la storia di ciascun nucleo<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Giunti all\u2019 Ifremer, i campioni di sedimento hanno iniziato un lungo processo di analisi a cura di cinque gruppi di ricerca che si concentrano su diversi aspetti: dalla granulometria dei sedimenti, allo studio dei contaminanti chimici presenti, all&#8217;analisi genetica delle tracce di DNA lasciate dalle specie allora presenti, all&#8217;identificazione di eventuali piccoli organismi di dimensioni inferiori al millimetro ancora annidati nei sedimenti (meiofauna) e delle cisti di fitoplancton. I primi risultati saranno disponibili entro la fine del 2025. Essi forniranno una nuova lettura della storia ecologica delle nostre coste in relazione alla storia umana. Ci permetteranno inoltre di valutare la resilienza di un ecosistema di fronte a tali impatti. Tutti questi nuovi elementi saranno essenziali per una riflessione a livello europeo sulla gestione della contaminazione chimica nell&#8217;ambiente marino e sulla protezione della biodiversit\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>BIOcean5D \u00e8 cofinanziato dall&#8217;Unione Europea (Horizon Europe); i partner svizzeri e britannici ricevono finanziamenti rispettivamente dal governo svizzero e britannico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Paleocore project, led by the French marine institute Ifremer and part of the TREC expedition, aims to study marine sediments to understand the impact of major historical events on ecosystems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":73079,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17591],"tags":[13970,474,537,5736,13936],"embl_taxonomy":[2870,13366],"class_list":["post-73075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-technology","tag-biocean5d","tag-collaboration","tag-dna","tag-planetary-biology","tag-trec","embl_taxonomy-all-embl-sites","embl_taxonomy-planetary-biology"],"acf":{"vfwp-news_embl_taxonomy":[13366,2870],"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"embl","field_article_language":{"value":"english","label":"English"},"article_intro":"<p>The BIOcean5D-funded Paleocore project, led by the French marine institute Ifremer and part of the TREC expedition, aims to study marine sediments to understand the impact of major historical events on ecosystems<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Ifremer press release","link_url":"https:\/\/www.ifremer.fr\/fr"},{"link_description":"TREC expedition","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/info\/trec\/"},{"link_description":"BIOcean5D","link_url":"https:\/\/biocean5d.org\/"}],"source_article":false,"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"None","article_translations":[{"translation_language":"Fran\u00e7ais","translation_anchor":"#french"},{"translation_language":"Italiano","translation_anchor":"#italian"}],"languages":"","vf_locked":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:2:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";}","parents":[],"name":["All EMBL sites"],"slug":"all-embl-sites","description":"Where &gt; All EMBL sites"},{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"e6ac6e6e-6386-48ff-9a0b-618e391d09bb\";i:2;s:36:\"a2c8c382-f6fa-4fac-a3d6-4da05ea5ef74\";}","parents":[],"name":["Planetary Biology"],"slug":"planetary-biology","description":"What &gt; Research &gt; Planetary Biology"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How have human activities disrupted the ecosystems of Europe&#039;s coasts? 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