{"id":70673,"date":"2024-10-08T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=70673"},"modified":"2024-10-08T11:05:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T09:05:58","slug":"what-we-can-learn-from-hungry-yeast-cells","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science-technology\/what-we-can-learn-from-hungry-yeast-cells\/","title":{"rendered":"What we can learn from hungry yeast cells"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<article class=\"vf-card vf-card--brand vf-card--bordered vf-u-margin__bottom--800\" default>\n  <div class=\"vf-card__content | vf-stack vf-stack--400\">\n      <h3 class=\"vf-card__heading\">\n      Summary    <\/h3>\n                <p class=\"vf-card__text\"><ul>\r\n \t<li>Scientists at EMBL Heidelberg and University of Virginia School of Medicine have revealed a new cellular adaptation to starvation, in which the mitochondria of yeast cells get coated by ribosomes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Surprisingly, the ribosomes attach to the mitochondrial outer membrane with a very unusual \u2018upside-down\u2019 orientation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The discovery of this mechanism has potential implications for our understanding of how stressed cancer cells survive starvation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul><\/p>\n      <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n\n\n<p>What can stressed yeast teach us about fundamental processes in the cell? A lot, according to EMBL Heidelberg\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/mattei\/\">Mattei Team<\/a>. The team studies, among other topics, how cells adapt to stress &#8212; such as nutrient deprivation. One of their favourite test subjects is the yeast species <em>S. pombe,<\/em> for centuries used in traditional brewing. As a eukaryote, it\u2019s in many ways similar to human cells, so biologists often use it as model organism to study fundamental cellular processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a1\">Ribosomes turn upside-down in hungry cells<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists have observed that yeast cells have a remarkable adaptation to starvation: their mitochondria get coated by a swarm of massive molecular complexes called ribosomes. Intrigued by this odd phenomenon, the Mattei Team and the <a href=\"https:\/\/med.virginia.edu\/jomaa-lab\/\">Jomaa Lab<\/a> at the University of Virginia School of Medicine explored it in greater detail using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ribosomes are the cell&#8217;s heavyweight molecular machinery that produces proteins. It turned out, however, that in hungry yeast cells, the ribosomes that crowd on the surface of the mitochondria don\u2019t produce anything. They are hibernating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOne way for a cell to survive stressful conditions until better days is to reduce its use of energy to a minimum,\u201d explained Olivier Gemin, EIPOD Postdoctoral Fellow in the Mattei Team who led this new study. \u201cProducing proteins demands a lot of energy, which can be saved by blocking ribosomes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Why the hibernating ribosomes attach to the surface of mitochondria is a mystery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere could be different explanations,\u201d said Team Leader Simone Mattei. \u201cA starved cell will eventually start digesting itself, so the ribosomes might be coating the mitochondria to protect them. They might also attach to trigger a signalling cascade inside the mitochondria.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another possibility that Mattei is investigating relates to the fact that starving cells need a way to quickly start producing energy once food (in the form of glucose) is available again. Since mitochondria are the energy producers of the cell, having ribosomes nearby to produce necessary proteins might help this process along.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What made the scientists\u2019 jaws drop was noticing that the ribosomes attach to the mitochondrial outer membrane in a way that contradicts what\u2019s been known about them before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSo far, ribosomes were known to interact with membranes only via their large subunit. But in starved cells, we saw that they do this upside-down, via the small subunit!\u201d said Mattei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In their future studies, the team will investigate how and why the ribosomes attach in such an unusual way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a2\">Cancer cells go through the hell they create<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The struggles of the starved yeast cells have some similarities to those of cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Believe it or not, being a cancer cell is really tough. When a tumour becomes aggressive, its cells grow so rapidly that their demand for nutrients and oxygen outpaces the supply. This means most cancer cells are constantly starving in a kind of hell they create for themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet, they survive and even multiply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s why we need to understand the basics of adaptation to starvation and how these cells become dormant to stay alive and avoid death,\u201d said Ahmad Jomaa, Assistant Professor and Group Leader at the University of Virginia\u2019s School of Medicine and a senior co-author of the study. \u201cFor that, we use yeast first, because we can manipulate it much more easily. Beyond this, we try to starve cultured cancer cells too, which is not easy, to figure out how they overcome starvation and can sometimes lead to cancer relapse.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the principles of this adaptation could help us find ways to override it, making cancer cells vulnerable to starvation and thus more susceptible to treatment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists at EMBL Heidelberg and University of Virginia revealed a new cellular response to starvation: ribosomes attach to the mitochondrial outer membrane in a very unusual way, via their small subunit. The finding made in yeast might provide insights into how cancer cells survive the harsh&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":96,"featured_media":70677,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17591],"tags":[38,64,17279,712,43,793,10016,1718,17693,3672],"embl_taxonomy":[9796,19333],"class_list":["post-70673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-technology","tag-cancer","tag-cell-biology","tag-cryo-electron-microscopy","tag-cryo-electron-tomography","tag-heidelberg","tag-imaging-centre","tag-mattei","tag-mitochondria","tag-molecular-systems-biology","tag-ribosome","embl_taxonomy-embl-heidelberg","embl_taxonomy-mattei-team"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"embl","field_article_language":{"value":"english","label":"English"},"article_intro":"<p>Scientists at EMBL Heidelberg and University of Virginia School of Medicine have discovered a curious way in which cells adapt to starvation \u2013 a mechanism with potential cancer implications<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Mattei Team ","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/mattei\/"},{"link_description":"Welcome: Simone Mattei ","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/lab-matters\/welcome-simone-mattei\/"}],"source_article":[{"publication_title":"Ribosomes hibernate on mitochondria during cellular stress","publication_link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-52911-4","target":"_blank"},"publication_authors":"Gemin O., Gluc M., et al. ","publication_source":"Nature Communications","publication_date":"8 October 2024","publication_doi":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52911-4"}],"in_this_article":[{"heading_description":"Ribosomes turn upside-down in hungry cells","anchor":"#a1"},{"heading_description":"Cancer cells go through the hell they create","anchor":"#a2"}],"press_contact":"EMBL Generic","article_translations":false,"languages":""},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"ab46b6d4-71d8-49f8-b2f4-b326d4c8ea4e\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL Heidelberg"],"slug":"embl-heidelberg","description":"Where &gt; All EMBL sites &gt; EMBL Heidelberg"},{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"bd910dd7-0cda-4618-8bfa-d37fbda8438e\";i:2;s:36:\"01081f52-2c41-4792-9977-a185709c60d6\";}","parents":[],"name":["Mattei Team"],"slug":"mattei-team","description":"What &gt; Molecular Systems Biology &gt; Mattei Team"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What we can learn from hungry yeast cells | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EMBL scientists and collaborators have discovered that ribosomes cover mitochondria in starved cells \u2013 a mechanism with potential cancer implications.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science-technology\/what-we-can-learn-from-hungry-yeast-cells\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What we can learn from hungry yeast cells | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EMBL scientists and collaborators have discovered that ribosomes cover mitochondria in starved cells \u2013 a mechanism with potential cancer implications.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science-technology\/what-we-can-learn-from-hungry-yeast-cells\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-08T09:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-08T09:05:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/20240918_Mattei-1000x600-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dorota Badowska\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@d_badowska\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dorota Badowska\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science-technology\/what-we-can-learn-from-hungry-yeast-cells\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science-technology\/what-we-can-learn-from-hungry-yeast-cells\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dorota Badowska\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/b8ae50efcd7533f0ab2ec368736b1d04\"},\"headline\":\"What we can learn from hungry yeast cells\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-08T09:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-08T09:05:58+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science-technology\/what-we-can-learn-from-hungry-yeast-cells\/\"},\"wordCount\":618,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science-technology\/what-we-can-learn-from-hungry-yeast-cells\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/20240918_Mattei-1000x600-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"cancer\",\"cell biology\",\"cryo-electron microscopy\",\"cryo-electron tomography\",\"heidelberg\",\"imaging centre\",\"mattei\",\"mitochondria\",\"molecular systems biology\",\"ribosome\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science &amp; 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