{"id":7012,"date":"2016-04-28T20:00:53","date_gmt":"2016-04-28T18:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/?p=7012"},"modified":"2024-03-25T10:27:19","modified_gmt":"2024-03-25T09:27:19","slug":"1604-poo-transplants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1604-poo-transplants\/","title":{"rendered":"Poo transplants better understood"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

For the first time, scientists studying stool transplants have been able to track which strains of bacteria from a donor take hold in a patient\u2019s gut after a transplant. The team, led by EMBL with collaborators at Wageningen University and the Academic Medical Centre, both in the Netherlands, and the University of Helsinki, Finland found that compatibility between donor and patient likely plays a bigger role in these transplants than previously thought. The study, published today in Science<\/em>, could help make stool transplants a valid treatment option for more conditions than they are currently applied to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUltimately, the goal is to move from a stool transplant to something more manageable, such as a pill,\u201d says Simone Li, who carried out the work at EMBL. \u201cOur work shows that this is likely going to be a personalised bacterial cocktail, rather than a one-size-fits-all solution.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stool transplants \u2013 also known as faecal microbiota transplants \u2013 involve taking microbes from the poo of a healthy donor and transferring them to the patient\u2019s gut. The hope is that this will help to restore health to patients suffering from conditions where the normal balance of microbes in the gut gets skewed. The approach has been very successful for treating recurrent Clostridium difficile (C. diff)<\/em> infections \u2013 which can cause life-threatening cases of diarrhoea, and are becoming a serious problem in hospitals and healthcare institutes. But for other conditions, like ulcerative colitis, stool transplants have proven much less effective. The current study, led by Peer Bork and Shinichi Sunagawa at EMBL, could help improve those odds. The trick, the scientists say, is to look beyond what species of microbes are in a person\u2019s gut, to what strains of each species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

the goal is to move from a stool transplant to something more manageable, such as a pill<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Most people have E. coli<\/em> in their gut, for instance, but different people have different strains of this species \u2013 and some of those strains can cause health issues. By distinguishing between different strains, the EMBL scientists were able to track if the microbes in a patient\u2019s gut after the treatment were their own or came from the donor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They found that after a stool transplant, new strains of microbes from the donor were more likely to colonise a patient\u2019s gut if the patient already had that species. This implies that if doctors can match donors to patients, the chances of the treatment being a success could improve considerably. Looking at strains rather than species of bacteria could also make the therapy effective in conditions where it isn\u2019t currently working.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

it could help to design stool transplants to work in other conditions beyond C. diff<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWith this method, we can really see if, for example, an antibiotic-resistant strain is replaced by a non-resistant one,\u201d says microbiologist Willem de Vos, who led the work at Wageningen University and the University of Helsinki, \u201cso it could help to design stool transplants to work in other conditions beyond C. diff<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study builds on a clinical trial that looked into the use of stool transplants as a treatment for metabolic syndrome, run by Max Nieuwdorp at the Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam. Although based on data from only 10 people, the work already provides strong indications that donor-patient compatibility is more important than assumed: transplants from one donor led to very different outcomes in three different patients.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Stuhltransplantationen – ganz individuell<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Eine neue Studie erweitert die potentiellen Anwendungsm\u00f6glichkeiten f\u00fcr Stuhltransplantationen. Gleichzeitig werden die Notwendigkeit der Vertr\u00e4glichkeit und ein personalisierter Ansatz hervorgehoben.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zum ersten Mal ist es Wissenschaftlern bei der Untersuchung von Stuhltransplantationen gelungen, diejenigen Bakterienst\u00e4mme des Spenders genau zu bestimmen, denen es nach einer Transplantation gelingt, sich im Darm des Empf\u00e4ngers anzusiedeln. Das von Wissenschaftlern am EMBL gef\u00fchrte Team fand zusammen mit Forschern der Universit\u00e4ten Wageningen und Helsinki sowie des Akademisch-medizinischen Zentrums in Amsterdam heraus, dass die Kompatibilit\u00e4t zwischen Spender und Empf\u00e4nger sehr wahrscheinlich eine wichtigere Rolle spielt als bisher angenommen. Die heute in der Fachzeitschrift Science <\/em>ver\u00f6ffentlichte Studie k\u00f6nnte dazu beitragen, den Einsatz von Stuhltransplantationen als wirksame Therapieoption auf andere Krankheitsbilder zu erweitern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLetztendlich besteht das Ziel darin, eine Stuhltransplantation in Form einer Pille zu entwickeln,\u201d so Simone Li, Wissenschaftlerin am EMBL. \u201cUnsere Arbeit zeigt, dass es sich dabei h\u00f6chstwahrscheinlich eher um einen personalisierten Bakteriencocktail handeln wird als um eine Patentl\u00f6sung f\u00fcr alle.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bei Stuhltransplantationen \u2013 auch bekannt als f\u00e4kale Bakterientherapie \u2013 werden Mikroben aus dem Stuhl eines gesunden Spenders entnommen und in den Darm des Patienten transplantiert. Dadurch hofft man, die Gesundheit der Patienten wieder herzustellen, bei denen das normale Gleichgewicht der Mikroben im Darm durcheinander geraten ist. Der Ansatz hat sich als \u00e4u\u00dferst erfolgreich bei der Behandlung wiederkehrender  Clostridium difficile (C. diff)<\/em> Infektionen herausgestellt, die lebensbedrohliche F\u00e4lle von Durchfallerkrankungen hervorrufen k\u00f6nnen und zunehmend ein ernstes Problem in Krankenh\u00e4usern und anderen Gesundheitseinrichtungen darstellen. Bei anderen Krankheitsbildern wiederum, wie z. B.  Colitis ulcerosa (Dickdarmentz\u00fcndung), ist diese Methode weniger effektiv. Die aktuelle Studie unter Leitung von Peer Bork und Shinichi Sunagawa am EMBL k\u00f6nnte dies jedoch \u00e4ndern. Der Trick, so die Wissenschaftler, besteht darin, sich statt der Bakterienarten im Darm eines Patienten die jeweiligen Bakterienst\u00e4mme genauer anzuschauen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So haben die meisten Menschen z.B. E. coli<\/em> im Darm, aber die St\u00e4mme variieren von Mensch zu Mensch \u2013 und einige davon k\u00f6nnen gesundheitliche Probleme verursachen. Durch die Unterscheidung der St\u00e4mme konnten die Wissenschaftler am EMBL genau bestimmen, ob die Mikroben im  Darm eines Patienten nach der Behandlung seine eigenen waren oder vom Spender stammten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sie fanden heraus, dass es nach einer Stuhltransplantation f\u00fcr neue Mikrobenst\u00e4mme des Spenders wesentlich einfacher war, sich im Darm des Patienten anzusiedeln, wenn der Patient diesen Stamm bereits in sich trug. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die Erfolgschancen einer Behandlung wesentlich verbessert werden k\u00f6nnen, wenn der Arzt Spender und Empf\u00e4nger aufeinander abstimmen kann. Konzentriert man sich dabei st\u00e4rker auf den Bakterienstamm als auf die Bakterienart, k\u00f6nnte dies auch zu effektiveren Therapien bei Krankheitsbildern f\u00fchren, f\u00fcr die gegenw\u00e4rtig noch keine wirksamen Therapien vorhanden sind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMit dieser Methode k\u00f6nnen wir genau feststellen, ob z.B. ein antibiotikaresistenter Stamm durch einen nicht-resistenten ersetzt wird,\u201d so  Mikrobiologe Willem de Vos, der die Studie an den Universit\u00e4ten Wageningen und Helsinki leitete: \u201eSie k\u00f6nnte also auch dazu dienen, spezielle Stuhltransplantationen f\u00fcr Patienten mit einem anderen Befund als C. diff<\/em>. zu entwickeln.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Studie baut auf einem klinischen Versuch von Max Nieuwdorp am Akademisch-medizinischen Zentrum in Amsterdam auf, in dem Stuhltransplantationen zur Behandlung des Metabolischen Syndroms eingesetzt wurden. Obwohl die Studie lediglich 10 Personen umfasste, deuten die Ergebnisse stark darauf hin, dass die Spender-Empf\u00e4nger-Kompatibilit\u00e4t wichtiger ist als bisher angenommen: Transplantationen von ein und demselben Spender f\u00fchrten zu sehr unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen bei drei verschiedenen Patienten.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stool transplants: finding the right match important, EMBL study shows<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":7014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[28,365,32,43,233,1748],"embl_taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-7012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-bioinformatics","tag-bork","tag-health","tag-heidelberg","tag-microbiome","tag-press-release"],"acf":{"article_intro":"

New study expands potential applications for stool transplants while emphasising need for compatibility and personalised approach<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Willem de Vos' lab at Wageningen University","link_url":"https:\/\/www.wageningenur.nl\/en\/Persons\/Willem-M-De-Vos.htm"},{"link_description":"Willem de Vos | University of Helsinki","link_url":"http:\/\/www.vetmed.helsinki.fi\/apalva\/cv_devos.htm"},{"link_description":"Max Nieuwdorp | Academic Medical Centre in Amsterdam","link_url":"https:\/\/www.amc.nl\/web\/research\/who-is-who-in-research\/who-is-who-in-research.htm?p=1597"}],"article_sources":[{"source_description":"

Li SS et al<\/em>. Science<\/em>, 28 April 2016. DOI:\u00a010.1126\/science.aad8852<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aad8852"}],"vf_locked":false,"featured":false,"color":"#007B53","show_featured_image":false,"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","translations":[{"translation_language":"German","translation_anchor":"#de"}],"press_contact":"EMBL Generic"},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[],"yoast_head":"\nPoo transplants better understood | EMBLetc.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Study expands potential applications for stool transplants beyond C. diff, shows compatibility is important for donor bacterial strains to colonise patient\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1604-poo-transplants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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