{"id":68047,"date":"2024-05-14T12:55:59","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T10:55:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=68047"},"modified":"2024-07-23T14:36:53","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T12:36:53","slug":"what-ive-learned-toby-gibson","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/","title":{"rendered":"Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>It\u2019s spring in Heidelberg, and one can periodically still find Toby Gibson at EMBL Heidelberg these days, despite his retirement late last year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The retired team leader isn\u2019t there all the time, but he is still working on packing up a lab that was active for 27 years. And others \u2013 like myself, the archivist, alumni relations, and former collaborators \u2013 continue to hunger for just one more story or a bit of advice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s how we caught up with Gibson to gather reflections on his career and what he has learned along the way. But let us start with a brief introduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gibson earned his undergraduate biology degree from Edinburgh University, specialising in molecular biology. He went on to the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge for his PhD, working with Bart Barrell as part of the DNA sequencing department overseen by Fred Sanger, the Nobel laureate who invented DNA sequencing. Barrell had worked with Sanger on developing methods that enabled increasingly larger sequencing projects. \u201cIn those days, this was fully experimental bench-based, and we were running sequencing gels. We were sequencing the Epstein-Barr virus, whose genome spanned ~120,000 bases. I did 20,672 bases,\u201d Gibson explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote | vf-u-margin__bottom--600 vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n  <div>\n    <div>\n      <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cToby inspired me to love linear motifs. In fact, I\u2019d say that I\u2019m now a lifelong motif campaigner! They\u2019re everywhere in the cell!\u00a0 Toby not only crystallised the idea of ELM database, he also brought together the best minds and meticulously planned courses\/meetings to develop and sustain the motif biology community in a selfless manner. Today, ELM is much more than a resource and is integral to many researchers who want to really understand cell processes. In retrospect, Toby has founded a community while also doing high-quality science and developing ELM.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>    <\/div>\n    \n          <footer class=\"vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author\">\n        \u2014 Manjeet Kumar, Bioinformatics Scientist, EMBL and University of Heidelberg      <\/div>\n\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author__details\"><\/div>\n    <\/footer>\n      <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"600\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1988_Ansorge-Course035-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68077\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1988_Ansorge-Course035-cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1988_Ansorge-Course035-cropped-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/1988_Ansorge-Course035-cropped-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Toby Gibson has been known to have a good sense of humour, as perhaps shown here, as the attendees&#8217; from the EMBO 1988 Wilhelm Ansorge course on&nbsp;DNA sequencing approaches, automated methods, and analysis included a unique snowman in their group shot. Credit: EMBL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Gibson started in the Argos group at EMBL in 1986. \u201cI came on a two-year postdoc, and now I\u2019m actually retiring from that two-year postdoc at EMBL!\u201d He is fond of saying this, even though he became a team leader with his own lab in 1991.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His seminal collaboration with Des Higgins, a bioinformatician, began at EMBL. The two met in 1990 when Higgins started at EMBL, working on the nucleotide sequence database. They would chat about proteins, their evolution, and their alignments (an effective way to compare related DNA or protein sequences).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over coffee one day, Gibson showed Higgins an alignment of a family of proteins he had made by hand, using coloured pencils. Higgins responded by saying he had already developed a program (Clustal) that could do it automatically. Gibson was sceptical that it could be as good, but he tried it and was surprised it worked quite well. Julie Thompson joined Gibson as software developer and took on the coding. The three would tweak this programme, which eventually became Clustal W. Their paper, published in <em>Nucleic Acids Research<\/em> in 1994, became the most highly cited bioinformatics paper of all time, and the 10th most cited paper across all scientific fields, according to a 2014 analysis by <em>Nature<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clustal W surpassed expectations. It caught the wave of genome sequencing, so everyone from undergraduates to senior bioinformaticians was using this tool thousands of times each day around the world. Clustal W is credited for aiding research in myriad biological directions, including vaccine design and illuminating our understanding of diseases like Epstein-Barr, COVID, and cancer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote | vf-u-margin__bottom--600 vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n  <div>\n    <div>\n      <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe continued to collaborate on various Clustal programs for a further 17 years [after 1991].\u00a0 This collaboration started because of the spirit of collaboration in EMBL and would not<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have been possible without the enthusiastic agreement of our group leaders or the skill of Julie or the ideas from Toby in making it happen.\u201d\u00a0<\/span>    <\/div>\n    \n          <footer class=\"vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author\">\n        \u2013 Des Higgins, Professor of Bioinformatics, University College Dublin      <\/div>\n\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author__details\"><\/div>\n    <\/footer>\n      <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Toby-Gibson-and-Des-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68079\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Toby-Gibson-and-Des-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Toby-Gibson-and-Des-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Toby-Gibson-and-Des-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Toby-Gibson-and-Des.jpg 1342w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">From 2018. Gibson worked closely with Des Higgins (right) in releasing the alignment tool, Clustal W, that continues to be used widely in molecular biology research. Credit:&nbsp;Hugo Neves\/EMBL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Gibson had a way of seeing what tools were missing in molecular biology research and then finding ways to create them. His lab also developed and continues to host the Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) resource, which has also developed into a hugely popular tool among life scientists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What follows is the barest of glimpses into the career of Toby Gibson and his reflections on his work, the state of science, and his time at EMBL, in his own words.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The early years<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I grew up partly in the country and enjoyed milking cows <\/strong>and things like this. I was always a bit of a naturalist \u2013 one of those guys who always had a bird book and knew the Latin names of the British birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When your family doesn&#8217;t have a background in academia, <\/strong>you tend to think that to be a scientist, you have to be like Einstein. In reality, if you study some of the right things, understand the concepts, and have a personality suited to being a scientist, it can work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>During my PhD,<\/strong> I was in a group that sequenced Epstein-Barr Virus, which causes mononucleosis or \u2018kissing disease\u2019. Nowadays it\u2019s apparently very strongly associated with multiple sclerosis, and I think this finding is likely to hold up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>As a young scientist, <\/strong>one always has fantasies of doing the \u2018beautiful experiment\u2019. But I was a specialised DNA sequencer, so I couldn\u2019t do that. My daily work was, truth be told, very, very, very monotonous routine stuff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote | vf-u-margin__bottom--600 vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n  <div>\n    <div>\n      <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;During my postdoc in EMBL&#8217;s Gene Expression Programme (1992-1995), I met Toby and colleagues. Toby mentored me on how to hunt for new conserved protein domains and how to look at and interpret multiple sequence alignments. I became infected by Toby\u2019s passion for protein sequence and structure analysis \u2013 subjected to his contagious and boundless generosity and collegiality. Hence, I emerged from my postdoc as a skilled, applied bioinformatician.&#8221;<\/span>    <\/div>\n    \n          <footer class=\"vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author\">\n        \u2013 Rein Aasland, Professor of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo      <\/div>\n\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author__details\"><\/div>\n    <\/footer>\n      <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I was just sequencing DNA<\/strong>. The intellectual aspect was wonderful, however, and I enjoyed the experimental work up to a point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>We were sequencing by hand,<\/strong> which meant we labelled DNA with radioactive phosphorus P32, a beta emitter. It decays very rapidly and spread into our fingers in much the same way that the beta electrons spread out on the X-ray film we used for sequencing. P32 posed some challenges for us: it didn\u2019t last long, there were those small safety issues, and it produced smeary bands rather than clear ones with sharp edges on the X-rays. I conjectured we might be able to use an alpha emitter isotope instead \u2013 S35 instead of P32. It decays more slowly, so we could store it in our freezer longer. It also wouldn\u2019t penetrate our fingers because it didn\u2019t spread like P32. Best of all, it should produce sharper bands. So, we got some S35 to try, and everything that I thought was going to happen\u2026well, happened. So we switched straight away.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The main problem with my career route <\/strong>was that I knew how to sequence DNA, but I didn\u2019t really know much else. I was too junior to start a sequencing lab and a bit stuck.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I had one of those sleepless nights <\/strong>when I realised I needed to move from the bench to the computer because the data from all the sequences were going to go there. EMBL already had a data library \u2013 it was well established \u2013 and it also had a vigorous structural biology programme. As it turned out, EMBL was also setting up a bioinformatics unit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/MotifMeetingAttendees-23-6-23-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68081\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/MotifMeetingAttendees-23-6-23-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/MotifMeetingAttendees-23-6-23-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/MotifMeetingAttendees-23-6-23-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">More than 80 people attended a symposium in 2023 intended to bring together scientists who have worked with Gibson throughout his career on short linear motifs. Credit: Manjeet Kumar\/EMBL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Clustal and the SLiMs database<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Most of what I\u2019ve done has been quite incremental, <\/strong>but that\u2019s the way most of science works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Clustal was a game-changer in my career. <\/strong>&nbsp;Des developed the first version of Clustal when he was a PhD student in Dublin, working on HIV and the evolution of retroviruses and pathogens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scientists use alignments all the time<\/strong> to ascertain where function might be in protein sequences. If you were interested in HIV, for example, and wanted to line up some HIV proteins with other retroviruses to understand whether the conserved amino acids in the proteins were structurally or functionally important, then alignment enabled this. Making alignments also helps study evolution, such as understanding where coronaviruses come from.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote | vf-u-margin__bottom--600 vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n  <div>\n    <div>\n      <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI met Toby while I was a postdoc beginning to work on linear motifs at an EMBO workshop he taught. The workshop and the interaction I had with Toby set the direction of my research. Toby set an example on conducting research and creating new knowledge at the highest standards, and he had an incredibly clear view of cell signalling! Debating and brainstorming with him was one of my favourite activities. Undoubtedly, Toby is one of the strongest influences I\u2019ve had in my career.\u201d\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;    <\/div>\n    \n          <footer class=\"vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author\">\n        \u2013 Luc\u00eda B Chemes, Group Leader, CONICET Researcher, Institute for Biotechnological Investigations, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Buenos Aires      <\/div>\n\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author__details\"><\/div>\n    <\/footer>\n      <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I\u2019d become a staff scientist <\/strong>and could hire one person to work with me, which turned out to be Julie Thompson, a mathematician and C programmer. I thought we could improve upon Des\u2019s earlier versions of Clustal. Des had several ideas he had not yet implemented, too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Together we improved the quality of the alignment output, <\/strong>and it had all the hallmarks of great software tools: stability, efficiency, and ease of use. It was also freely available. I am habitually sceptical of these things and always check things by eye, but Clustal W marked the point where I could pretty much flip the amount of time I spent checking by hand to doing the alignments first by computer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>After the 1994 paper<\/strong> \u2013 and I have to add how<strong> <\/strong>nice it was to have a female first author on our paper \u2013 the software became massively widespread. It\u2019s very satisfying when everybody\u2019s using your software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In the 1990s it was clear many proteins in the cell weren\u2019t single-folded units<\/strong> that just bump into each other like billiard balls. They could be much bigger and have multiple folded domains which, during evolution, had become mixed and matched in many different combinations. So, it became a big activity to identify these domains. At EMBL, many of us \u2013 like Peer Bork \u2013 developed an interest in discovering novel domains and working on their structure\/function. I partook in many enjoyable collaborations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/P6231363-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68083\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/P6231363-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/P6231363-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/P6231363-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Also from the 2023 symposium, Manjeet Kumar (left) holds a rubber duck in his hand. Gibson was well known for using rubber ducks as a way to show why &#8216;signalling cascades&#8217; are not a good metaphor in explaining SLiMs. Credit: EMBL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Around the millennium,<\/strong> I started a new bioinformatics database. People had slowly, but steadily been finding very short little bits of proteins that embodied biochemical functionality. Usually these were in the \u201clinkers\u201d between the folded domains in modular proteins. These came to be known as Short Linear Motifs (aka SLiMs). By the late 1990s, it was clear there were enough experimental examples that they were an intrinsic part of protein function, and we needed a bioinformatics resource dedicated to SLiMs. In 2001 \u2013 thanks to an EU infrastructure grant \u2013 we began to establish an ELM database, along with several key partners. We published the first version in 2003, but we\u2019d only just begun. We now believe the number of SLiMs in the human proteome will be more than a million.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote | vf-u-margin__bottom--600 vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n  <div>\n    <div>\n      <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cToby introduced me to bioinformatics and especially protein sequence analysis. He changed the course of my life, as I went on to build a career in the field, and Toby has remained an important mentor throughout.\u201d\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;    <\/div>\n    \n          <footer class=\"vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author\">\n        \u2013 Julie Thompson, Senior Scientist, ICube, University of Strasbourg, France      <\/div>\n\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author__details\"><\/div>\n    <\/footer>\n      <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Once a database exists, it can be hard to continue to get funding to maintain it<\/strong> because funders always want to fund novelty<strong>.<\/strong> My next few grant attempts failed. I sulked. Once I got bored with sulking, I resolved that we would develop ELM as a \u2018cottage industry\u2019. From my perspective, something rather wonderful happened. Over time, we made more and more contacts with SLiM researchers worldwide \u2013 many of whom then annotated entries in the ELM database with their specialist knowledge. Their reward for several person-months of effort has been co-authorship of the ELM database update publication, but also being part of a larger network of SLiM collaborators around the world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>When I\u2019m being very arrogant<\/strong> (which you sometimes have to be, for example, on grant applications), I say that \u2018Toby Gibson ignited the bioinformatics of short linear motifs\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Life at EMBL and the state of science<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>There\u2019s more and more evidence <\/strong>that complexity in cell regulation and cell signalling has been badly underestimated. There have been a lot of oversimplified models, although it is getting better now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Since I\u2019m retiring, I won\u2019t get to see the full flowering of powerful new technologies. <\/strong>When AlphaFold first came out, people were amazed at how good it was, but its predictions were based on known structures and huge bulk sequence alignments. But, if you give it a protein sequence where there isn\u2019t a direct structure, it may be able to also work out what the structures are, yielding insight into what it might do. This was unexpected, and even I got very excited.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote | vf-u-margin__bottom--600 vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n  <div>\n    <div>\n      <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;It&#8217;s hard to over-emphasise the impact that Toby had on me. I came to his lab as a curious and na\u00efve bioinformatician, and Toby taught me to \u2018think biology\u2019 in the very unique way that he saw it. I&#8217;ve been lucky to have so many inspirational mentors over the years but nobody formed my understanding of the functions of the cell to the degree Toby has. I still work on motifs, and I&#8217;m very aware that the current generation that Toby inspired now have the responsibility to push forward the motif biology field from the solid foundation he laid.&#8221;<\/span>    <\/div>\n    \n          <footer class=\"vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author\">\n        \u2013 Norman Davey, Group Leader, Institute of Cancer Research, London      <\/div>\n\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author__details\"><\/div>\n    <\/footer>\n      <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>It is definitely an exciting time intellectually. <\/strong>On the other hand, though, it\u2019s perhaps not such a nice time, if you\u2019re starting out \u2013 in how scientific enterprise is now structured. Short-termism and the obsession with what is \u2018hot\u2019 have been growing. And a paradox of grant funding is that hot, blue sky research is desired, but actually, the system selects very strongly to the norm.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In the previous SARS scare,<\/strong> you saw a lot of targeted funding, and a lot of new coronavirus results. But the funding wound down when the crisis ended. So, the insights paused for 15 years. Similarly, when people get scared of bacteria, funding becomes available. When they\u2019re not scared of them, the funding gets directed to cancer, ageing, and so on. I\u2019m not saying these things shouldn\u2019t be funded, but you want to be able to try to stably fund things that are important, not just \u2018hot\u2019. Too much faddism controlling the allocation of research funds is damaging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>At EMBL, an open-door research culture became established,<\/strong> and it\u2019s been here for decades now. It\u2019s why I think EMBL is the most collaborative institute in the world.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I\u2019ve always had a small group, and that has meant I had to collaborate horizontally.<\/strong>&nbsp; Last year for my retirement, my colleagues organised a meeting with more than 80 participants, confirming we\u2019ve built up quite a worldwide community with these short protein motifs. This is a very precious horizontal network, which hopefully will live on. Indeed the SLiM field is now so established that my retirement will have a negligible effect on its scientific advancement.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote | vf-u-margin__bottom--600 vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n  <div>\n    <div>\n      <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAlways driven by his genuine curiosity, Toby had a marked effect on those around him. His scientific contributions are undeniable \u2014 a prototypical or consummate scientist. But what makes him stand out even further is how his kindness and concern for others at EMBL created a particular welcoming atmosphere.\u00a0 When you talked with Toby, you were talking with someone genuinely interested in science, eager to exchange his own thoughts on the subject while equally interested in the other person\u2019s perspectives.\u201d\u00a0<\/span>    <\/div>\n    \n          <footer class=\"vf-u-margin__top--600\">\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author\">\n        \u2013 Christoph M\u00fcller, Head, EMBL Structural and Computational Biology Unit      <\/div>\n\n      \n      <div class=\"vf-blockquote_author__details\"><\/div>\n    <\/footer>\n      <\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"994\" height=\"663\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/TobyGibson-wp.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/TobyGibson-wp.jpg 994w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/TobyGibson-wp-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/TobyGibson-wp-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 994px) 100vw, 994px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">From the EMBL Archive<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EMBL has meant so many things. <\/strong>&nbsp;Core research funding, as EMBL provides, is incredibly important to follow up ideas that grant funders are not interested in funding. Most of all, it has shown \u2013 and continues to show \u2013 the value of interdisciplinary collaboration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>I\u2019m going to keep nurturing my intellect <\/strong>by having an interest in the field that I like and interacting with EMBL and my other collaborators from my home office.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EMBL has played an enormous role in networking Europeans<\/strong>, training up young group leaders who then go back to the country of their original nationality. Even if they go elsewhere in Europe or elsewhere in the world, it doesn\u2019t matter. It\u2019s all part of this network of people who have learned the value of this special, open, interactive environment we have here.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Toby Gibson reflects on 38 years at EMBL, the scientific tools he built along the way, and the state of science today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":68055,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17593],"tags":[80,17303,189,17289,467,952,17693,704,17683],"embl_taxonomy":[9796],"class_list":["post-68047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-people-perspectives","tag-alumni","tag-archive","tag-computational-biology","tag-embl50","tag-gibson","tag-history","tag-molecular-systems-biology","tag-proteins","tag-what-ive-learned","embl_taxonomy-embl-heidelberg"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"embl","field_article_language":{"value":"english","label":"English"},"article_intro":"<p>From growing up enjoying the nature around him, Toby Gibson led his career towards computational biology where he collaborated with Des Higgins and Julie Thompson to develop the groundbreaking Clustal W bioinformatics tool that became the focus of one of the most cited scientific papers of all time<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Embracing cellular complexity","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/complexity\/"},{"link_description":"The story of Clustal: democratising sequence alignments ","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/"},{"link_description":"Bringing research on disordered proteins to order ","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/bringing-research-on-disordered-proteins-to-order\/"},{"link_description":"Toby Gibson shares experiences and contributions to the field of DNA sequencing and bioinformatics","link_url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/qT0gX1J6fgI"}],"source_article":false,"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"None","article_translations":false,"languages":"","vf_locked":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"ab46b6d4-71d8-49f8-b2f4-b326d4c8ea4e\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL Heidelberg"],"slug":"embl-heidelberg","description":"Where &gt; All EMBL sites &gt; EMBL Heidelberg"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Toby Gibson reflects on 38 years at EMBL, the scientific tools he built along the way, and the state of science today.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toby Gibson reflects on 38 years at EMBL, the scientific tools he built along the way, and the state of science today.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-05-14T10:55:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-23T12:36:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ivy Kupec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ivy Kupec\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ivy Kupec\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/427f2c9b624bc32ffa67d80414712274\"},\"headline\":\"Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-14T10:55:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-23T12:36:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/\"},\"wordCount\":2316,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"alumni\",\"archive\",\"computational biology\",\"embl50\",\"gibson\",\"history\",\"molecular systems biology\",\"proteins\",\"what I've learned\"],\"articleSection\":[\"People &amp; Perspectives\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/\",\"name\":\"Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned | EMBL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-05-14T10:55:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-23T12:36:53+00:00\",\"description\":\"Toby Gibson reflects on 38 years at EMBL, the scientific tools he built along the way, and the state of science today.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":600,\"caption\":\"From 2017 in front of Iguazu Falls. Gibson had just attended a bioinformatics meeting in Argentina. From the EMBL Archive.\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/\",\"name\":\"European Molecular Biology Laboratory News\",\"description\":\"News from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"EMBL News\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\",\"name\":\"European Molecular Biology Laboratory\",\"alternateName\":\"EMBL\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/EMBL_logo_colour-1-300x144-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/EMBL_logo_colour-1-300x144-1.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":144,\"caption\":\"European Molecular Biology Laboratory\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/embl\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/embl_org\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/15813\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/emblmedia\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/427f2c9b624bc32ffa67d80414712274\",\"name\":\"Ivy Kupec\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1abc86f00519d61bc0f2793ed624175c2d7ad829fb5b60e1c3b99a973ac351a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1abc86f00519d61bc0f2793ed624175c2d7ad829fb5b60e1c3b99a973ac351a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Ivy Kupec\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/author\/ivy-kupecembl-de\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned | EMBL","description":"Toby Gibson reflects on 38 years at EMBL, the scientific tools he built along the way, and the state of science today.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned | EMBL","og_description":"Toby Gibson reflects on 38 years at EMBL, the scientific tools he built along the way, and the state of science today.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/","og_site_name":"EMBL","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/","article_published_time":"2024-05-14T10:55:59+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-07-23T12:36:53+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1000,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Ivy Kupec","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@embl","twitter_site":"@embl","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Ivy Kupec","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"NewsArticle","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/"},"author":{"name":"Ivy Kupec","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/427f2c9b624bc32ffa67d80414712274"},"headline":"Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned","datePublished":"2024-05-14T10:55:59+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-23T12:36:53+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/"},"wordCount":2316,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg","keywords":["alumni","archive","computational biology","embl50","gibson","history","molecular systems biology","proteins","what I've learned"],"articleSection":["People &amp; Perspectives"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/","url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/","name":"Toby Gibson: what I\u2019ve learned | EMBL","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg","datePublished":"2024-05-14T10:55:59+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-23T12:36:53+00:00","description":"Toby Gibson reflects on 38 years at EMBL, the scientific tools he built along the way, and the state of science today.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/people-perspectives\/what-ive-learned-toby-gibson\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg","width":1000,"height":600,"caption":"From 2017 in front of Iguazu Falls. Gibson had just attended a bioinformatics meeting in Argentina. From the EMBL Archive."},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/","name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory News","description":"News from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization"},"alternateName":"EMBL News","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization","name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory","alternateName":"EMBL","url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/EMBL_logo_colour-1-300x144-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/EMBL_logo_colour-1-300x144-1.png","width":300,"height":144,"caption":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/","https:\/\/x.com\/embl","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/embl_org\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/15813\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/emblmedia\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/427f2c9b624bc32ffa67d80414712274","name":"Ivy Kupec","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1abc86f00519d61bc0f2793ed624175c2d7ad829fb5b60e1c3b99a973ac351a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1abc86f00519d61bc0f2793ed624175c2d7ad829fb5b60e1c3b99a973ac351a6?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ivy Kupec"},"url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/author\/ivy-kupecembl-de\/"}]}},"field_target_display":"embl","field_article_language":{"value":"english","label":"English"},"fimg_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg","featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/EDITED_TobyGibsonatIguazu_Falls2017afterArgentinianBioinformaticsMeeting-WP.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/100"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68047"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69345,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68047\/revisions\/69345"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68047"},{"taxonomy":"embl_taxonomy","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/embl_taxonomy?post=68047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}