{"id":60223,"date":"2023-06-20T17:03:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T15:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=60223"},"modified":"2024-03-22T11:21:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T10:21:52","slug":"the-speed-of-life-a-zoo-of-cells-to-study-developmental-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/the-speed-of-life-a-zoo-of-cells-to-study-developmental-time\/","title":{"rendered":"The speed of life: a zoo of cells to study developmental time"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In humans, pregnancy lasts around nine months. In mice, only 20 days, and in rhinoceroses, as long as 17 months. Although many mammalian species go through the same stages during embryo development, the speed of development differs substantially across animals. Another example of an event that differs in time across species is the formation of the vertebrate body axis, the spine. The formation of the body segments that will give rise to the vertebrae and ribs, called somites, is controlled by a mechanism called segmentation clock. The segmentation clock is a group of genes that oscillates. Each oscillation controls the formation of a pair of somites. The frequency of the oscillations differs across species, taking two to three times longer in humans compared to mice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The segmentation clock is a convenient system to study differences in species, and the Ebisuya group has been studying it for a long time, recently revealing that the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/segmentation-clock\/\"> differences in biochemical reaction speeds<\/a> are responsible for the differences in the mouse and human clocks. However, in order to establish whether this is a general principle of development, researchers needed to broaden the species that have been studied, which up to now has been relatively limited to human and mouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, researchers from the Ebisuya Group have recapitulated in the lab the segmentation clock of four novel mammalian species, in addition to mouse and human: marmoset, rabbit, cattle and rhinoceros. This work has been done in collaboration with research groups based in Europe, Japan and the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is a stem cell zoo?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A stem cell zoo is like a library of stem cells from several species to study and compare different developmental events. The collaboration group collected embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells from marmoset, rabbit, cattle and rhinoceros, which added to the already existing library of human and mouse. This diverse sampling of species is unprecedented for developmental studies, and aims to constitute a platform for comparison of developmental processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe wanted to create a platform of cells from several mammalian species to study why their developmental time is different. We wanted to have as wide a range as possible, so we chose species with body weights spanning from 50 grams to 2 tonnes, gestation lengths from 20 days to 17 months, and three different evolutionary histories or phylogenies: Primates (human and marmoset), Glires (mouse and rabbit) and Ungulates (cattle and rhino).\u201d said Jorge L\u00e1zaro, pre-doctoral student at Ebisuya Group and first author of the paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The group focused on studying the differences in the segmentation clock of the four new species. They applied experimental protocols to differentiate the embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells into pre-somitic mesoderm like cells, the cells that will give rise to the spine, ribs and skeleton muscles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur stem cell zoo serves as an ideal platform to investigate the cause of interspecies differences in the segmentation clock period, as well as to determine whether there is any general relationship between segmentation tempo and the characteristics of the organism.\u201d said Miki Ebisuya, Group Leader at EMBL Barcelona and at the Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Correlating the segmentation clock<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The gestation length, as well as many other bodily parameters are known to scale with the animal body weight. Larger species tend to have a longer gestation period. The group thus hypothesized that the differences in the segmentation clock could be related to body weight. However, surprisingly they found no correlation between the average body weight of each of the species and its segmentation clock period. Similarly, the gestation length did not correlate with the segmentation clock period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Instead, the group found that the segmentation clock period was highly correlated with the duration of embryogenesis. Embryogenesis is the time between fertilisation until the end of organogenesis, when all organs are formed in an embryo. This could mean that the segmentation clock can serve as a good system to understand how general embryonic developmental time is established across species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the group found that the three different evolutionary histories \u2013 Primates, Glires and Ungulates \u2013, corresponded with slow, fast and intermediate segmentation clock periods respectively, pointing to a relation between developmental tempo and evolutionary groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In previous studies, the Ebisuya group already found that<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aba7668\"> biochemical reaction speeds scale with the segmentation clock period<\/a>. However, those studies focused on mice and human. The group has now extended the species under study and has confirmed that the four new mammals also show differences in the biochemical reactions speeds, correlating very well with the segmentation clock period. That indicates that changes in the biochemical rates might be a general mechanism to control developmental tempo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, they found that genes related to biochemical processes show an expression pattern that correlates with the segmentation clock period, providing a concrete clue for a potential molecular mechanism underlying the differences in developmental speeds across species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur aim is to keep adding species in our stem cell zoo,\u201d said Ebisuya. \u201cIf we want to confirm whether the findings of our research could constitute a universal principle of mammalian development, we need to expand the zoo and include a wider range of species and phylogenies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2023.05.014\">current study<\/a> published in <em>Cell Stem Cell<\/em>, the group focused on the segmentation clock, but the stem cell zoo approach opens the possibility to study other biological times such as the heart rate or the lifespan. The more researchers know about how biological time works, the more they might be able to control it. For example, in the field of organoids, if one could accelerate the time required to develop organoids, it could speed up regenerative medicine studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnother aspect that I really like about the stem cell zoo is the possibility to learn from different species outside of human and mouse,\u201d said L\u00e1zaro. \u201cMany animals have particular features that make them interesting to study, but due to practical or ethical reasons we don\u2019t have access to them in the lab. Features like for example the size of a rhino, or the long neck of giraffes. Who knows, perhaps in our next project we can use stem cells to try to understand how giraffes develop their long neck \u2013 and longer somites!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"554\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/lab_photo1000x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-60269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/lab_photo1000x600.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/lab_photo1000x600-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/lab_photo1000x600-768x425.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">The Ebisuya Group. Credits: EMBL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a1\">La velocidad de la vida: un zoo de c\u00e9lulas madre para estudiar el tiempo de desarrollo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Investigadores del grupo de Miki Ebisuya en el EMBL Barcelona han utilizado un zoo de c\u00e9lulas madre sin precedentes para comparar seis especies diferentes de mam\u00edferos y el tiempo que tardan en desarrollarse.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En los humanos, el embarazo dura unos nueve meses; en los ratones tan solo 20 d\u00edas, y en los rinocerontes, hasta 17 meses. Aunque muchas especies de mam\u00edferos pasan por las mismas etapas durante el desarrollo embrionario, la velocidad de dicho desarrollo difiere sustancialmente entre unos animales y otros. Un ejemplo de esta diferencia temporal entre especies es la formaci\u00f3n de la columna vertebral, el eje corporal de los vertebrados. La formaci\u00f3n de los segmentos corporales que da lugar a las v\u00e9rtebras y las costillas, llamados somitas, se controla mediante un mecanismo conocido como el reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n: se trata de un grupo de genes cuya expresi\u00f3n oscila, y cada oscilaci\u00f3n controla la formaci\u00f3n de un par de somitas. La frecuencia de estas oscilaciones difiere entre especies, y es de dos a tres veces m\u00e1s lenta en humanos que en ratones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n es un sistema id\u00f3neo para estudiar las diferencias entre especies, y el grupo de Ebisuya lleva a\u00f1os estudi\u00e1ndolo: su investigaci\u00f3n ha revelado hace poco que<a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/segmentation-clock\/\"> las diferencias en la velocidad de las reacciones bioqu\u00edmicas<\/a> son responsables de las diferencias en los relojes del rat\u00f3n y el ser humano. Sin embargo, para establecer si se trata de un principio general del desarrollo embrionario, los investigadores necesitaban ampliar las especies estudiadas, que hasta ahora se han limitado al ser humano y al rat\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Por ese motivo, el grupo de Ebisuya ha recapitulado en el laboratorio el reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n de cuatro nuevas especies de mam\u00edferos: mono tit\u00ed, conejo, vaca y rinoceronte, un trabajo en colaboraci\u00f3n con grupos de investigaci\u00f3n de Europa, Jap\u00f3n y Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un zoo de c\u00e9lulas madre?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Un zoo de c\u00e9lulas madre es como una biblioteca de c\u00e9lulas madre de varias especies que se puede usar para estudiar y comparar distintos acontecimientos del desarrollo. El grupo de colaboraci\u00f3n ha recogido c\u00e9lulas madre embrionarias y pluripotentes inducidas de tit\u00ed, conejo, vaca y rinoceronte, que se han sumado a la biblioteca ya existente de humano y rat\u00f3n. Este muestreo diverso de especies, sin precedentes en los estudios sobre el tema, pretende constituir una plataforma general que permita comparar procesos de desarrollo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00abQuer\u00edamos crear una plataforma de c\u00e9lulas de varias especies de mam\u00edferos para estudiar por qu\u00e9 su tiempo de desarrollo es diferente. Para tener un abanico de diversidad lo m\u00e1s amplio posible, elegimos especies con pesos corporales que iban de 50 gramos a 2 toneladas, duraciones de gestaci\u00f3n de 20 d\u00edas a 17 meses y tres historias evolutivas o filogenias diferentes: Primates (humano y tit\u00ed), Glires (rat\u00f3n y conejo) y Ungulados (vaca y rinoceronte)\u00bb, explica Jorge L\u00e1zaro, estudiante de doctorado del grupo Ebisuya y primer autor del trabajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El grupo se ha centrado en estudiar las diferencias en el periodo del reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n de las cuatro nuevas especies, aplicando protocolos experimentales para diferenciar las c\u00e9lulas madre en c\u00e9lulas similares al mesodermo presom\u00edtico, las c\u00e9lulas que luego dar\u00e1n lugar a la columna vertebral, las costillas y los m\u00fasculos del esqueleto.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00abNuestro zoo de c\u00e9lulas madre es una plataforma ideal para investigar la causa de las diferencias entre especies en el periodo del reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como para determinar si existe alguna relaci\u00f3n general entre el tempo de segmentaci\u00f3n y las caracter\u00edsticas del organismo\u00bb, afirma Miki Ebisuya, Investigadora Principal en el EMBL Barcelona y en el Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Correlaci\u00f3n del reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Se sabe que la duraci\u00f3n de la gestaci\u00f3n, al igual que muchos otros par\u00e1metros corporales, depende del peso del animal: las especies m\u00e1s grandes suelen tener un periodo de gestaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s largo. As\u00ed pues, el grupo plante\u00f3 la hip\u00f3tesis de que las diferencias en el reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n podr\u00edan estar relacionadas con el peso corporal, pero no encontraron ninguna correlaci\u00f3n entre el peso medio de cada una de las especies y el periodo de su reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n. Del mismo modo, la duraci\u00f3n de la gestaci\u00f3n no correlaciona con el periodo del reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Curiosamente, la investigaci\u00f3n revel\u00f3 que el reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n estaba altamente correlacionada con la duraci\u00f3n de la etapa de embriog\u00e9nesis. La embriog\u00e9nesis es el tiempo que transcurre entre la fecundaci\u00f3n y el final de la organog\u00e9nesis, cuando se forman todos los \u00f3rganos de un embri\u00f3n. Esto podr\u00eda significar que el reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n puede servir como un buen sistema para entender c\u00f3mo se establece el tiempo general de desarrollo embrionario en diferentes especies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, el grupo descubri\u00f3 que las tres diferentes historias evolutivas \u2014Primates, Glires y Ungulados\u2014 se correspond\u00edan con periodos del reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n lentos, r\u00e1pidos e intermedios respectivamente, lo que apunta a una relaci\u00f3n entre el tempo de desarrollo y los grupos evolutivos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En estudios anteriores, los investigadores del grupo de Ebisuya ya hab\u00edan averiguado que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aba7668\">las velocidades de las reacciones bioqu\u00edmicas escalan con el periodo del reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n<\/a>; sin embargo, esos estudios se centraban solo en ratones y humanos. Ahora han ampliado las especies de estudio y confirmado que los cuatro nuevos mam\u00edferos tambi\u00e9n muestran diferencias en las velocidades de sus reacciones bioqu\u00edmicas, correlacion\u00e1ndose muy bien con el periodo del reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n. Eso indica que los cambios en las cin\u00e9ticas bioqu\u00edmicas podr\u00edan ser un mecanismo general para controlar la velocidad del desarrollo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n han descubierto que los genes relacionados con los procesos bioqu\u00edmicos muestran un patr\u00f3n de expresi\u00f3n que se correlaciona con el periodo del reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n, lo que proporciona una pista concreta sobre un posible mecanismo molecular subyacente a las diferentes velocidades de desarrollo entre especies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00abNuestro objetivo es seguir a\u00f1adiendo especies a nuestro zoo de c\u00e9lulas madre\u00bb, dice Ebisuya. \u00abPara confirmar que los hallazgos de nuestra investigaci\u00f3n podr\u00edan constituir un principio universal del desarrollo en los mam\u00edferos, necesitamos ampliar el zoo e incluir una gama m\u00e1s amplia de especies y filogenias.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2023.05.014\">En el estudio actual<\/a> publicado en Cell Stem Cell, el grupo se ha centrado en el reloj de segmentaci\u00f3n, pero el enfoque del zoo de c\u00e9lulas madre abre la posibilidad a estudiar otros tiempos biol\u00f3gicos, como el ritmo card\u00edaco o la duraci\u00f3n de la vida. Cuanto m\u00e1s sepan los investigadores sobre el funcionamiento del tiempo biol\u00f3gico, m\u00e1s capaces ser\u00e1n de controlarlo. Por ejemplo, en el campo de los organoides, si se pudiera acelerar el tiempo necesario para desarrollarlos, se podr\u00edan acelerar los estudios de medicina regenerativa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00abOtro aspecto que me fascina del zoo de c\u00e9lulas madre es la posibilidad de aprender de especies diferentes a la humana y el rat\u00f3n\u00bb, comenta L\u00e1zaro. \u00abMuchos animales tienen caracter\u00edsticas particulares que los hacen interesantes y \u00fanicos, pero por razones pr\u00e1cticas o \u00e9ticas no podemos estudiarlos en el laboratorio: caracter\u00edsticas como, por ejemplo, el tama\u00f1o de un rinoceronte o el largo cuello de las jirafas. Qui\u00e9n sabe, quiz\u00e1 en nuestro pr\u00f3ximo proyecto podamos utilizar c\u00e9lulas madre para tratar de entender c\u00f3mo desarrollan las jirafas su largo cuello&#8230; \u00a1y sus somitas m\u00e1s largas!\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers from the Ebisuya Group at EMBL Barcelona have used an unprecedented stem cell zoo to compare six different mammalian species and their developmental time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":60265,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[497,55,1321,563,1748,4776,431],"embl_taxonomy":[19237,9762],"class_list":["post-60223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-barcelona","tag-development","tag-ebisuya","tag-embryonic-development","tag-press-release","tag-segmentation-clock","tag-tissue-biology","embl_taxonomy-ebisuya-group-visiting","embl_taxonomy-embl-barcelona"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"embl","field_article_language":{"value":"english","label":"English"},"article_intro":"<p>Researchers from the Ebisuya Group at EMBL Barcelona have used an unprecedented stem cell zoo to compare six different mammalian species and their developmental time.<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":" Ebisuya Group","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/ebisuya\/"},{"link_description":" Human and mouse cells run at different speeds","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/segmentation-clock\/"},{"link_description":"Unravelling the origins of the human spine","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/unravelling-the-origins-of-the-human-spine\/"}],"source_article":[{"publication_title":"A stem cell zoo uncovers intracellular scaling of developmental tempo across mammals","publication_link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2023.05.014","target":""},"publication_authors":"Ebisuya M., et al.","publication_source":"Cell Stem Cell","publication_date":"20 June 2023","publication_doi":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.05.014"}],"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"EMBL Generic","article_translations":[{"translation_language":"Espa\u00f1ol","translation_anchor":"#a1"}],"languages":""},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"18a7a17b-e276-4afd-b0ca-8ddac1883d45\";i:2;s:36:\"8e848d63-b947-49ca-a00b-53af531ad40b\";}","parents":[],"name":["Ebisuya Group (Visiting)"],"slug":"ebisuya-group-visiting","description":"What &gt; Tissue biology and disease modelling &gt; Ebisuya Group (Visiting)"},{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"762176bb-d12e-4c94-8964-6dbb76e15c42\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL Barcelona"],"slug":"embl-barcelona","description":"Where &gt; All EMBL sites &gt; EMBL Barcelona"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The speed of life: a zoo of cells to study developmental time | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers from the Ebisuya Group at EMBL Barcelona have used an unprecedented stem cell zoo to compare six different mammalian species and their developmental time.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/the-speed-of-life-a-zoo-of-cells-to-study-developmental-time\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The speed of life: a zoo of cells to study developmental time | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers from the Ebisuya Group at EMBL Barcelona have used an unprecedented stem cell zoo to compare six different mammalian species and their developmental time.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/the-speed-of-life-a-zoo-of-cells-to-study-developmental-time\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-20T15:03:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-22T10:21:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/NewsVisual_StemCellZoo_08052023.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Carla Manzanas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Carla Manzanas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/the-speed-of-life-a-zoo-of-cells-to-study-developmental-time\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/the-speed-of-life-a-zoo-of-cells-to-study-developmental-time\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Carla Manzanas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/40c2c3096ae3f56b1304b22fb8c0efb1\"},\"headline\":\"The speed of life: a zoo of cells to study developmental time\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-20T15:03:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-22T10:21:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/the-speed-of-life-a-zoo-of-cells-to-study-developmental-time\/\"},\"wordCount\":2357,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/the-speed-of-life-a-zoo-of-cells-to-study-developmental-time\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/NewsVisual_StemCellZoo_08052023.png\",\"keywords\":[\"barcelona\",\"development\",\"ebisuya\",\"embryonic development\",\"press release\",\"segmentation clock\",\"tissue biology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; 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