{"id":50032,"date":"2022-06-15T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=50032"},"modified":"2024-03-22T13:11:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T12:11:59","slug":"the-new-heroics-of-rna-in-cell-differentiation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/the-new-heroics-of-rna-in-cell-differentiation\/","title":{"rendered":"The new heroics of RNA in cell differentiation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Scientists are increasingly learning of new reasons to appreciate RNA, and the glycolytic enzyme ENO1 seems to have provided yet another in new research from EMBL this week, as published in <em>Molecular Cell<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With support from the MOLIT Institute and the Manfred Lautenschl\u00e4ger Foundation, researchers in the Hentze Group at EMBL Heidelberg used mouse embryonic stem cells to discover how messenger RNA molecules bind to and regulate ENO1, an enzyme that breaks down glucose to produce the cellular fuel ATP. This RNA-mediated regulation \u2013&nbsp; riboregulation \u2013 can determine how cells grow, and most importantly how undifferentiated cells (specifically embryonic stem cells) transform into specialised cells (e.g., blood, brain, or liver cells).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cClassically, people studying RNA-binding proteins have found that it\u2019s the RNA-binding proteins that do something to RNA to change it during this process, but that\u2019s not really what\u2019s going on here,\u201d said Ina Huppertz, a former postdoc in the Hentze Group and current scientific officer at the European Research Council. \u201cAs it turns out, it\u2019s actually the other way around. The hero in this story is the RNA, not the enzymes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And while this may sound like a small distinction, this new perspective on riboregulation may represent a more widespread and meaningful principle of biological control.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis may open up a new chapter of understanding unexpected aspects of controlling metabolism and cell differentiation. There\u2019s every reason to think that this is a \u2018tip of the iceberg study\u2019,\u201d said Matthias Hentze, EMBL Director and leader of this study. \u201cThe differentiation of undifferentiated cells and controlling that process is one step away from better understanding cancer.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The researchers\u2019 current work actually began at EMBL about 10 years ago. Hentze\u2019s group developed a technology known as RNA interactome capture (RIC) and later an improved version \u2013 enhanced RIC (eRIC) \u2013&nbsp; to discover which proteins bind to RNA, including enzymes like ENO1.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe felt we should take one of these very concrete examples \u2013 ENO1 \u2013 and actually pursue it deeply to understand what\u2019s behind this RNA binding,\u201d Hentze explained, noting how technologies developed at EMBL coupled with underlying methodologies developed elsewhere allowed them to now parse out RNA\u2019s role in this process.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe coolest new concept is how we now have the transcriptome of the whole cell regulating the enzyme,\u201d Huppertz said. \u201cI think we are just at the start. This is really just an example of unravelling the functional connection between these metabolic enzymes and RNA in mammalian cells. But I think we can build on that.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hentze too points out that this fundamental research provides many new lines of inquiry that his group will continue to pursue, as will Huppertz in a research group she will lead in the near future. This means answering questions like whether their findings bear out in other enzymes, if they have impacts on other stem cells beyond embryonic stem cells, and whether this protein-RNA interaction is something future drugs might be able to target in the case of cancer cells.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And answering these kinds of scientific questions will require continued intensive collaboration, which Hentze says includes EMBL colleagues and alumni, as well as working with the National Centre for Tumours and the University of Heidelberg\u2019s medical faculty.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In sharing this research, surprises have not only come in the potential change to the way scientists think about RNA\u2019s role in cell differentiation, but also the potential reach of this fundamental research finding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAfter giving a talk, I met a scientist studying <em>Prochlorococcus<\/em>, a marine cyanobacterium that is the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth,\u201d Hentze recounted. \u201cThe scientist had reason to believe a lot of regulation happens at the RNA level but didn\u2019t know which proteins in <em>Prochlorococcus<\/em> bind RNA. So, the technology we\u2019ve developed to identify RNA-binding proteins in an unbiased way has now led to our newest collaboration to help look at RNA regulation in this organism that produces 20 % of the world&#8217;s oxygen.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EMBL research with Enolase 1 (ENO1) points to a possible new way to understand RNA\u2019s leading role in how cells develop.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":50168,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[43,406,70,1710,118],"embl_taxonomy":[9796,19285],"class_list":["post-50032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-heidelberg","tag-hentze","tag-rna","tag-rna-binding-proteins","tag-stem-cell","embl_taxonomy-embl-heidelberg","embl_taxonomy-hentze-group"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"embl","article_intro":"<p>EMBL research on the enzyme Enolase 1 (ENO1) points to a possible new way RNA exerts a leading role in how cells develop.<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Role reversal: RNA controls protein function","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/role-reversal-rna-controls-protein-function\/"},{"link_description":"Catching up on protein dynamics","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/eric\/"},{"link_description":"Hentze Group","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/hentze\/"}],"source_article":[{"publication_title":"Riboregulation of Enolase 1 Activity Controls Glycolysis and Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation","publication_link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.05.019","target":""},"publication_authors":"Huppertz I. et al","publication_source":"Molecular Cell","publication_date":"15 June 2022","publication_doi":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.05.019"}],"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"None","vf_locked":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"ab46b6d4-71d8-49f8-b2f4-b326d4c8ea4e\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL Heidelberg"],"slug":"embl-heidelberg","description":"Where &gt; 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