{"id":48090,"date":"2022-05-06T12:45:21","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T10:45:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=48090"},"modified":"2024-03-22T12:59:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T11:59:52","slug":"what-do-stem-cell-aggregates-and-whipped-cream-have-in-common","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/what-do-stem-cell-aggregates-and-whipped-cream-have-in-common\/","title":{"rendered":"What do stem cell aggregates and whipped cream have in common?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>When an embryo develops, its cells divide, move, and interact. In doing so, the mechanical properties of tissues, such as viscosity and elasticity, change over time. David Oriola, a biophysicist in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/trivedi\/\">Trivedi Group<\/a>, studies the physical changes that tissues undergo during early development. He combines experiments with mathematical modelling to explain how cells self-organize to form tissues. His most recent study was now published in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2022\/sm\/d2sm00063f\">Soft Matter<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cShortly before the lockdown started, I was studying the fusion of embryonic stem cell aggregates. To my surprise, the two aggregates only fused partially,\u201d said Oriola. \u201cI later found out this process is known as arrested coalescence, and it is a common phenomenon in soft matter physics.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arrested coalescence is very important in the manufacturing of petroleum, beauty products and certain processed foods. For example, in the food industry, the consistency and texture of whipped cream depends on the partial coalescence of cream\u2019s fat droplets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The existing physical models describing the fusion of cellular aggregates did not contemplate the possibility of partial coalescence, and therefore could not account for Oriola\u2019s experimental findings. However, before he could repeat the experiments, the pandemic arrived and the lab went into lockdown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-video\"><video style=\"max-width: 100%;\" controls src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/MovieS1.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Brightfield timelapse of the fusion of two mouse embryonic stem cell aggregates 24h after aggregation. Credit: Trivedi Group\/EMBL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI started to review the literature on the physics of droplet sintering. The first mathematical descriptions of sintering go all the way back to 1945, when Frenkel was trying to explain the sintering of metal droplets,\u201d explained Oriola. \u201cSince we were all at home, not being able to do new experiments, I reproduced the calculations and re-derived the equations of viscous sintering.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oriola realized that the mathematical models used to study the fusion of cellular aggregates considered tissues as purely viscous materials. However, such models could not&nbsp;account for arrested coalescence because they do not consider elasticity that is characteristic of viscoelastic materials like biological tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI revisited the mathematical models and I decided to model tissues as viscoelastic solids, instead of viscous fluids, which means that elastic effects persist even at long timescales. The next step was to see if this model could match the experimental data,\u201d said Oriola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And it did. The model successfully explained the fusion dynamics of the cellular aggregates as well as how the fusion dynamics change with the aggregate size. In this way, this model provides a fast and inexpensive method to study the mechanical properties of tissues from simple time-lapse fusion events. In addition, together with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/ebisuya\/\">Ebisuya Group<\/a>, the researchers showed that the model successfully explained the fusion of other types of stem cell aggregates. Finally, in collaboration with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/sharpe\/\">Sharpe Group<\/a>, the fusion experiments were reproduced using computational simulations that helped them to understand how the microscopic cellular properties relate to the macroscopic material properties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-video\"><video style=\"max-width: 100%;\" controls src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/MovieS3.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Caption: ya||a simulation showing arrested coalescence. 500 cells per aggregate. Credit: Sharpe Group\/EMBL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The work of David Oriola and colleagues is very much in line with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/programme\/\">EMBL\u2019s New Programme<\/a>, and more concretely with the research theme <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/programme\/research-plans\/theory-at-embl\/\">Theory@EMBL<\/a>, which promotes theory-guided paths to understanding the underlying principles of biological systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat is encouraging about this model is that it could have wider implications beyond biology. In principle, the same method could be applied to characterise the material properties of microemulsions just by looking at how fat globules fuse,\u201d said Oriola.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EMBL researchers revise the old problem of sintering droplets to understand the mechanical properties of tissues.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":48230,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[497,966],"embl_taxonomy":[9762,19389],"class_list":["post-48090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-barcelona","tag-organoid","embl_taxonomy-embl-barcelona","embl_taxonomy-trivedi-group"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"embl","article_intro":"<p>EMBL researchers revise the old problem of sintering droplets to understand the mechanical properties of tissues<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Trivedi Group ","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/trivedi\/"},{"link_description":"Trivedi Group Twitter","link_url":"https:\/\/twitter.com\/LabTrivedi"}],"source_article":[{"publication_title":"Arrested coalescence of multicellular aggregates","publication_link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2022\/sm\/d2sm00063f","target":""},"publication_authors":"Oriola D., et al. ","publication_source":"Soft Matter","publication_date":"5th May 2022","publication_doi":"10.1039\/D2SM00063F"}],"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"None","vf_locked":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"762176bb-d12e-4c94-8964-6dbb76e15c42\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL Barcelona"],"slug":"embl-barcelona","description":"Where &gt; All EMBL sites &gt; EMBL Barcelona"},{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"18a7a17b-e276-4afd-b0ca-8ddac1883d45\";i:2;s:36:\"365161ee-79a9-4010-8e7b-948e597af400\";}","parents":[],"name":["Trivedi Group"],"slug":"trivedi-group","description":"What &gt; Tissue biology and disease modelling &gt; Trivedi Group"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What do stem cell aggregates and whipped cream have in common? 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