{"id":47788,"date":"2022-03-23T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-23T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=47788"},"modified":"2024-03-22T15:27:07","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T14:27:07","slug":"from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/","title":{"rendered":"From liquid to solid to drive development"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The term \u2018phase transition\u2019 might initially conjure up images of ice melting or water vapour condensing on a cold glass. In biology, phase transition plays a role in processes such as lipid bilayer formation or the spontaneous de-mixing of protein droplets. In a recent paper published in <em>Cell<\/em>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/ephrussi\/\">Ephrussi<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/mahamid\/\">Mahamid<\/a> groups at EMBL Heidelberg have now shown how phase transitions in protein-RNA droplets can influence their biological function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to regulate the many cellular functions within an organism, biochemical processes within individual cells must be precisely regulated in time and space. While organelles like the nucleus or the endoplasmic reticulum are enclosed by membranes and thereby physically separate certain reactions and processes from others, the cellular space also contains a different class of organelles without membranes, called condensates. Like their membrane-bound counterparts, condensates control specific functions within a cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In their latest study, the EMBL scientists focused on one specific mRNA, <em>oskar<\/em>, and its role in embryo development in the model organism<em> Drosophila melanogaster <\/em>(fruit fly). In the developing fruit fly egg, <em>oskar<\/em> mRNA must localise to a specific position within the cell to lay the foundation for the development of the future embryo. <em>oskar<\/em> mRNA is found in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules that contain proteins bound to the RNA. These are an example of membraneless condensates. What the EMBL researchers were now able to show is that these granules have solid-like properties in the developing fruit fly egg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote | vf-stack vf-stack--400\">\n    <p class=\"vf-blockquote__text\">\u201cCondensates are typically thought of as liquids. But we found that a solid state of <em>oskar<\/em> RNP granules is crucial for localisation and function of <em>oskar<\/em> mRNA,\u201d explained Mainak Bose, postdoc in the Ephrussi and Mahamid groups, and first author of the study. \u201cWhen we genetically engineered the granules in <em>Drosophila<\/em> oocytes to be liquid-like, it resulted in a multitude of defects in the developing embryos.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p>These findings demonstrate the importance of the physical properties of condensates for their physiological functions, something that was until now believed to be governed by their biochemical properties alone. \u201cOur work highlights how interactions and properties at the molecular level govern the biophysical properties and functions of condensates on the cellular and even organismal scale,\u201d concluded Bose.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Condensates are membraneless organelles that control specific functions within a cell. Scientists at EMBL Heidelberg have shown how the physical state of condensates can influence biological function.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":106,"featured_media":47796,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[55,478,357,43,542],"embl_taxonomy":[5140,9796,5152],"class_list":["post-47788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-development","tag-drosophila","tag-ephrussi","tag-heidelberg","tag-mahamid","embl_taxonomy-developmental-biology","embl_taxonomy-embl-heidelberg","embl_taxonomy-molecular-systems-biology"],"acf":{"vf_locked":false,"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"embl","article_intro":"<p>Researchers at EMBL Heidelberg show that transition from liquid to solid is important for the function of membraneless organelles<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"A model for cooperation for transporting mRNA","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-model-of-cooperation-for-transporting-mrna\/"},{"link_description":"Ephrussi Group","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/ephrussi\/"},{"link_description":"Mahamid Group","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/mahamid\/"},{"link_description":"EMBL Advanced Microscopy Core Facility","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/advanced-light-microscopy-core-facility\/"}],"source_article":[{"publication_title":"Liquid-to-solid phase transition of oskar ribonucleoprotein granules is essential for their function in Drosophila embryonic development.","publication_link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.022","target":"_blank"},"publication_authors":"Bose M., et al.","publication_source":"Cell","publication_date":"published on 23 March 2022","publication_doi":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.022"}],"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"None"},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"7ca3ce91-dc32-47ea-8d4b-7a53c3a3a9fd\";i:2;s:36:\"6a2f2be6-8bb7-4425-b318-5ed992f715cc\";}","parents":[],"name":["Developmental Biology"],"slug":"developmental-biology","description":"What &gt; Research Units &gt; Developmental Biology"},{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"ab46b6d4-71d8-49f8-b2f4-b326d4c8ea4e\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL Heidelberg"],"slug":"embl-heidelberg","description":"Where &gt; All EMBL sites &gt; EMBL Heidelberg"},{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"7ca3ce91-dc32-47ea-8d4b-7a53c3a3a9fd\";i:2;s:36:\"bd910dd7-0cda-4618-8bfa-d37fbda8438e\";}","parents":[],"name":["Molecular Systems Biology"],"slug":"molecular-systems-biology","description":"What &gt; Research Units &gt; Molecular Systems Biology"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>From liquid to solid to drive development | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Condensates are membraneless organelles that control specific functions within a cell. Scientists at EMBL Heidelberg have shown how the physical state of condensates can influence biological function.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From liquid to solid to drive development | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Condensates are membraneless organelles that control specific functions within a cell. Scientists at EMBL Heidelberg have shown how the physical state of condensates can influence biological function.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-23T15:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-22T14:27:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DrospphilaEmbryo_ephrussi_mahamid.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Annika Grandison\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Annika Grandison\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Annika Grandison\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/dfddea620728139a4f711040f5ad57d9\"},\"headline\":\"From liquid to solid to drive development\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-23T15:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-22T14:27:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/\"},\"wordCount\":305,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DrospphilaEmbryo_ephrussi_mahamid.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"development\",\"drosophila\",\"ephrussi\",\"heidelberg\",\"mahamid\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; Technology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/\",\"name\":\"From liquid to solid to drive development | EMBL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-liquid-to-solid-to-drive-development\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DrospphilaEmbryo_ephrussi_mahamid.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-23T15:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-22T14:27:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Condensates are membraneless organelles that control specific functions within a cell. 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