{"id":4591,"date":"2015-07-16T18:01:00","date_gmt":"2015-07-16T16:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/?p=4591"},"modified":"2024-04-19T15:11:32","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T13:11:32","slug":"1507-iron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/","title":{"rendered":"Iron regulators join war on pathogens"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Humans \u2013 along with all living organisms, including pathogens \u2013 need iron to survive: invading organisms try to highjack it from their hosts in order to thrive and multiply. Researchers at EMBL Heidelberg, and their colleagues, have now discovered that proteins responsible for helping the body maintain the correct levels of iron at a cellular level are also involved in helping to prevent this theft. These proteins form a system called IRP\/IRE (iron regulatory protein\/iron responsive element).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe work we\u2019ve been doing has uncovered a connection between two very important functions that are typically seen as separate: the body\u2019s innate immune system, and its iron metabolism,\u201d explains <a href=\"http:\/\/www.embl.de\/research\/units\/directors_research\/hentze\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Matthias Hentze<\/a>, co-author of the paper and Director of EMBL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The team analysed how mice reacted to an infection by the <i>Salmonella<\/i> bacteria, depending on whether they had a functional IRP\/IRE system or not. Mice lacking a functional IRP\/IRE system from professional immune cells called macrophages did well as long as they were not infected, but when the <i>Salmonella<\/i> bacteria were introduced, they died. This showed that the iron regulatory system was crucial for the macrophages, the target-cells for this specific pathogen, to fight off the infection effectively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-4596\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"379\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/1507-hentze-ib2-e1437049152809.jpg\" alt=\"Fluorescence microscopy picture of bone marrow-derived macrophages (red: macrophage marker, blue: DNA, green: ferritin). Compared to the few control cells present in this picture, IRP-null macrophages express abnormally high levels of ferritin (green), which constitutes a pool of iron that Salmonella can exploit. IMAGE: Bruno Galy\/DKFZ\" class=\"wp-image-4596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/1507-hentze-ib2-e1437049152809.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/1507-hentze-ib2-e1437049152809-300x183.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Fluorescence microscopy picture of bone marrow-derived macrophages (red: macrophage marker, blue: DNA, green: ferritin). Compared to the few control cells present in this picture, IRP-null macrophages express abnormally high levels of ferritin (green), which constitutes a pool of iron that Salmonella can exploit. IMAGE: Bruno Galy\/DKFZ<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWithholding iron from an invading pathogen is an innate defence against infection,\u201c explains Bruno Galy, former Staff Scientist at EMBL-Heidelberg and currently group leader at the German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ). \u201cOur study reveals that the IRP\/IRE system plays an important role in this defence.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The precise mechanisms through which the IRP\/IRE system works in the macrophages will need further investigation, although the researchers have a number of theories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One theory is that the IRP proteins help the macrophages produce a molecule called lipocalin 2, which is known to block bacteria from taking up iron from its host. Another idea is that the IRP\/IRE system represses the expression of a protein called ferritin. Ferritin is present in cells as a kind of compartment to store iron until it is needed. Invading bacteria get access to these iron supplies and if the IRP proteins are not present, the cell will store much more iron than required \u2013 thus providing valuable nutrients for invaders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The group now plan to carry out further investigations to find out if the IRP\/IRE system is also important for other types of bacteria, and other types of infection, such as viruses or parasites. They also hope to discover if the IRP\/IRE system has a role to play in other types of immune response, such as inflammation. This immune response is implicated in the progress of human diseases such as cancer or atherosclerosis so a better understanding of its mechanisms could have implications for research into new treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research was carried out in partnership with Guenter Weiss and colleagues at the Medical University of Innsbruck and Ferric Fang at the University of Washington.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Iron regulatory proteins play important role in combatting infection, protecting against Salmonella.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":4600,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[80,32,43,406,212,1748],"embl_taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-4591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-alumni","tag-health","tag-heidelberg","tag-hentze","tag-medicine","tag-press-release"],"acf":{"article_intro":"<p>Proteins responsible for controlling levels of iron in the body also play an important role in combatting infection, according to a study published today in<em> Cell Host &amp; Microbe<\/em>.<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Read the press release distributed by the Medical University of Innsbruck","link_url":"http:\/\/www.i-med.ac.at\/pr\/presse\/2015\/31.html"},{"link_description":"Previous EMBL research on this topic: The battle for iron, EMBLetc, 6 February 2015 ","link_url":"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/science\/1502_anemia\/"},{"link_description":"Galy group, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ)","link_url":"https:\/\/www.dkfz.de\/en\/virus-assoziierte-karzinogenese\/groups\/AGGaly\/index.html"},{"link_description":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck ","link_url":"https:\/\/www.i-med.ac.at\/patienten\/dept_innere_medizin.html"},{"link_description":"Fang Lab, University of Washington","link_url":"http:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/fanglab\/"},{"link_description":"This article first appeared as a press release on the EMBL website, 16 July 2015","link_url":"http:\/\/www.embl.org\/press\/2015\/150716_Hentze"}],"article_sources":[{"source_description":"<p>Nairz, Ferring-Appel, Casarrubea, <em>et al. Cell Host and Microbes<\/em>, 16 July 2015. DOI:10.1016\/j.chom.2015.06.017<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2015.06.017"}],"vf_locked":false,"featured":false,"color":"#007B53","show_featured_image":false,"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","translations":false,"press_contact":"EMBL Generic"},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Iron regulators join war on pathogens | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Iron regulatory proteins play important role in combatting infection, protecting against Salmonella.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iron regulators join war on pathogens | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Iron regulatory proteins play important role in combatting infection, protecting against Salmonella.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-07-16T16:01:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-19T13:11:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/1507-hentze-ib-NEW.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"425\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Isabelle Kling\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Isabelle Kling\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Isabelle Kling\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/e0df3d2a7d51e01a8118c494997b85c3\"},\"headline\":\"Iron regulators join war on pathogens\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-07-16T16:01:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-19T13:11:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/\"},\"wordCount\":531,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/1507-hentze-ib-NEW.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"alumni\",\"health\",\"heidelberg\",\"hentze\",\"medicine\",\"press release\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; Technology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/\",\"name\":\"Iron regulators join war on pathogens | EMBL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/1507-hentze-ib-NEW.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-07-16T16:01:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-19T13:11:32+00:00\",\"description\":\"Iron regulatory proteins play important role in combatting infection, protecting against Salmonella.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1507-iron\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/1507-hentze-ib-NEW.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/1507-hentze-ib-NEW.jpg\",\"width\":620,\"height\":425,\"caption\":\"Tug of war: during an infection host cells and bacteria fight for iron. 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