{"id":44966,"date":"2021-12-09T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-09T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=44966"},"modified":"2024-03-22T15:19:19","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T14:19:19","slug":"a-gallery-of-human-rna-polymerases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-gallery-of-human-rna-polymerases\/","title":{"rendered":"A gallery of human RNA polymerases"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Using state-of-the-art technology and techniques, EMBL\u2019s M\u00fcller group has provided the most detailed structure to date of human RNA polymerase I (Pol I), offering fundamental information about cellular function for those studying rare diseases and cancers.<a> <\/a>RNA Pol I has been implicated in certain disorders and cancers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their findings, published in&nbsp;<em>Nature Structural and Molecular Biology, <\/em>illuminate the structure and function of human Pol I in different functional states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This marks the latest research chapter on this enzyme that began with prior Pol I research in yeast in 2013. It\u2019s only fairly recently that the researchers moved from studying RNA Pol I in yeast to human Pol I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In collaboration with Aleix Lafita, a computational biologist formerly at EMBL\u2019s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) in Hinxton, UK, the team was able to shed light on how this human version of the enzyme and some of its regulatory cofactors evolutionarily differ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen I started working on this project, we didn\u2019t even know exactly how many subunits comprised human Pol I,\u201d said Agata Misiaszek, the paper\u2019s lead author.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In yeast, Pol I has 14 units, but in humans that number is just 13. As it turns out, most species have only 13 subunits to RNA Pol I \u2013 except for yeast and some other fungi \u2013 and the difference could be important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSo, scientists have been studying an outlier for a long time,\u201d said Mathias Girbig, one of the paper\u2019s co-authors. \u201cInterestingly, the place where this subunit is \u2018missing\u2019 is an important interaction site. The contrast to earlier work raises important questions that could help in understanding the regulation of Pol I\u2019s function.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Human RNA Pol I can only be obtained in small amounts, preventing the use of classical structural biology techniques, such as X-ray crystallography. However, with the advent of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and CRISPR\u2013Cas9 genome editing, EMBL researchers \u2013 along with others in the field \u2013 have begun making progress in understanding what Pol I looks like and how it works in human cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The group\u2019s findings, along with their other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-better-look-at-a-human-rna-polymerase\/?_ga=2.3294263.646543282.1638269212-1339211639.1594043510\">recent work with human RNA polymerase III<\/a>, complete the gallery of human RNA polymerases. This research lends insights into machineries that produce different types of RNA: from short ribosomal RNAs and transfer RNAs (Pol III) to long ribosomal RNAs (Pol I).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBoth Pol I and III are vital for the cell to function, but we now see some differences in key areas where mutations occur,\u201d Misiaszek explained, \u201cSo, for example, in a rare disease like Treacher Collins syndrome, both polymerases are affected, but Pol I may be more so. Consequently, this begs the question of why this happens and what it means in patients.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New structural biology research provides fundamental information critical to understanding enzyme mutations connected to rare diseases and cancers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":45186,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[38,64,718,136,43,441,5654,5686,70,1996,35,5718],"embl_taxonomy":[19341],"class_list":["post-44966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-cancer","tag-cell-biology","tag-cryo-em","tag-electron-microscopy","tag-heidelberg","tag-muller","tag-neurodegenerative-disease","tag-rare-disease","tag-rna","tag-rna-polymerase","tag-structural-biology","tag-treacher-collins-syndrome","embl_taxonomy-muller-group"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"","article_intro":"<p>EMBL researchers\u2019 continued work with RNA polymerases provides fundamental information to understand enzyme mutations connected to rare diseases and cancers<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"A better look at a human RNA polymerase ","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-better-look-at-a-human-rna-polymerase\/?_ga=2.3294263.646543282.1638269212-1339211639.1594043510"},{"link_description":"New insights into RNA Polymerase I","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1611-new-structural-insights-into-rna-polymerase-i\/"},{"link_description":"Pol III: Completing the family album","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1511-pol-iii\/?_ga=2.10337917.91577163.1610973812-709001375.1602155308"}],"source_article":[{"publication_title":"Cryo-EM structures of human RNA polymerase I","publication_link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41594-021-00693-4","target":""},"publication_authors":"Misiaszek A., Girbig M., et al.","publication_source":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology","publication_date":"9 December 2021","publication_doi":"10.1038\/s41594-021-00693-4"}],"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"None","vf_locked":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"bd910dd7-0cda-4618-8bfa-d37fbda8438e\";i:2;s:36:\"9e7c6e04-1ed3-45c2-a25a-6ad53d702521\";}","parents":[],"name":["M\u00fcller Group"],"slug":"muller-group","description":"What &gt; Molecular Systems Biology &gt; M\u00fcller Group"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A gallery of human RNA polymerases | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New structural biology research provides fundamental information for understanding enzyme mutations connected to rare diseases and cancers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-gallery-of-human-rna-polymerases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A gallery of human RNA polymerases | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New structural biology research provides fundamental information for understanding enzyme mutations connected to rare diseases and cancers.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-gallery-of-human-rna-polymerases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-09T16:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-22T14:19:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2021203_Human_PolymeraseI_v2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ivy Kupec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ivy Kupec\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-gallery-of-human-rna-polymerases\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-gallery-of-human-rna-polymerases\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ivy Kupec\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/427f2c9b624bc32ffa67d80414712274\"},\"headline\":\"A gallery of human RNA polymerases\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-09T16:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-22T14:19:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-gallery-of-human-rna-polymerases\/\"},\"wordCount\":453,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-gallery-of-human-rna-polymerases\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/2021203_Human_PolymeraseI_v2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"cancer\",\"cell biology\",\"cryo-em\",\"electron microscopy\",\"heidelberg\",\"m\u00fcller\",\"neurodegenerative disease\",\"rare disease\",\"rna\",\"rna polymerase\",\"structural biology\",\"treacher collins syndrome\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; 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