{"id":4018,"date":"2015-05-21T20:00:43","date_gmt":"2015-05-21T18:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/?p=4018"},"modified":"2024-11-29T16:53:18","modified_gmt":"2024-11-29T15:53:18","slug":"1505-tara-oceans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1505-tara-oceans\/","title":{"rendered":"Oceans endeavour charts 40 million genes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>An international expedition that has combed the world\u2019s oceans for new information about the mysterious plankton ecosystems at the base of the marine food chain is reporting its first findings on the 22 May 2015 in a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/348\/6237.toc#SpecialIssue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">special issue of <\/a><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/current\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Science<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/em>Scientists from EMBL are at the heart of this ambitious scientific adventure, during which 35 000 samples were gathered in sea voyage lasting more than three years and covering some 140 000 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A wealth of information is already emerging from analysis of the samples. So far 600 of the samples have been analysed, revealing tens of thousands of&nbsp;new eukaryotic species, along with 40 million mostly novel&nbsp;genes from the viruses, bacteria and single-celled creatures that were collected.&nbsp;\u201cCompared to the 24 000 genes in the human body, the mapping of 40 million genes across an entire ecosystem is a huge achievement,\u201d says project director, Eric Karsenti, of EMBL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote\"><p>The mapping of 40 million genes across an entire ecosystem is a huge achievement.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe tiny organisms found in plankton are the foundation of the marine food chain. In addition they produce oxygen and sequester CO2 and by doing so maintain the composition of the earth\u2019s atmosphere. Despite this, we actually know very little about them. Using the information from the Tara expedition, we can start to explain their contribution. Using our samples as a benchmark, we can also begin to chart how these organisms react to environmental pressures such as climate change.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image alignnone size-full wp-image-4026\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"380\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1505-tara-oceans-eric.jpg\" alt=\"Eric aboard Tara. PHOTO:  F.Latreille\/Tara Exp\u00e9ditions\" class=\"wp-image-4026\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1505-tara-oceans-eric.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1505-tara-oceans-eric-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">Eric Karsenti aboard Tara. PHOTO: F.Latreille\/Tara Exp\u00e9ditions<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The mission was established by the Tara Exp\u00e9ditions Foundation, a charitable organisation based in France which organises expeditions aboard its schooner, Tara, to study climate change and the ecology of the world\u2019s oceans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More than 160 international scientists took part in the expedition, between 2009 and 2013, with EMBL co-ordinating all the scientific activity, including overseeing the sampling process and transferring samples to laboratories across Europe for cataloguing and analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the French Centre for Atomic Energy (CEA) also contributed funding and scientific expertise to the project. The CEA-funded genetics laboratory, Genoscope, continues to work with EMBL\u2019s high performance computing specialists to compile catalogue of new species and genetic codes. The data will produce the most comprehensive picture yet produced of the ocean\u2019s planktonic organisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"vf-box vf-box--normal vf-box-theme--primary\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tara Oceans: the data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vf-box__text\">Ready to explore the great unknown? 40 million previously undescribed genes and a raft of related sample data from the Tara Oceans expedition is freely available through EMBL-EBI.&nbsp;Thanks to the project\u2019s systematic approach, the data have been integrated with other marine-life datasets, such as those from Ocean Sampling Day 2013, and can be explored through the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/ena\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">European Nucleotide Archive<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/metagenomics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Metagenomics Portal<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pangaea.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PANGAEA<\/a>&nbsp;sample registry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vf-box__text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/about\/news\/press-releases\/tara-oceans-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dive into&nbsp;the data story &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"vf-box__text\"><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe had a small team of six scientists on board the boat at any one time, but huge support from all the organisations involved, which received the samples for analysis,\u201d says Stefanie Kandels-Lewis, Tara Oceans Project Manager at EMBL. \u201cAlongside the sequencing work, we are also working on imaging the samples using 3D imaging techniques and light microscopy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote\"><p>Alongside the sequencing work, we are also working on imaging the samples using 3D imaging techniques and light microscopy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-4041 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"380\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1505-tara-oceans-steffi.jpg\" alt=\"All of the 35000 samples passed through the hands of Steffi Kandels-Lewis before being flown around the world. PHOTO: Noan Lebescot\" class=\"wp-image-4041\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1505-tara-oceans-steffi.jpg 620w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/1505-tara-oceans-steffi-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">All of the 35000 samples passed through the hands of Steffi Kandels-Lewis, to be carefully packaged before being flown around the world. PHOTO: Vincent Hilaire\/Tara Exp\u00e9ditions<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Already, the project has revealed rich information about how planktonic species interact with each other and to environmental pressures such as temperature. Many thousands of samples are yet to be analysed and this data, revealed over the next few years, promises to transform how we study the oceans and how we assess climate change. All the discoveries, data and analysis from the project are freely and publicly available by EMBL to promote new scientific advances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cBeyond the cutting-edge science that was developed thanks to our collaborative work with the Tara Exp\u00e9ditions Foundation, this adventure is also about showing people all over the world how important the ocean is for our own well-being,\u201d says Karsenti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tara Oceans results reveal climate change insights, and a treasure trove of novel species and genes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":4020,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[28,782,36,31,43,1748,35,51,816],"embl_taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-4018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-bioinformatics","tag-database","tag-embl-ebi","tag-evolution","tag-heidelberg","tag-press-release","tag-structural-biology","tag-systems-biology","tag-tara"],"acf":{"article_intro":"<p class=\"p1\">Sailing boat expedition reveals new insights into climate change, and discovers a treasure trove of novel\u00a0species and genes.<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"","link_url":""},{"link_description":"","link_url":""},{"link_description":"","link_url":""},{"link_description":"","link_url":""},{"link_description":"","link_url":""},{"link_description":"","link_url":""},{"link_description":"","link_url":""}],"article_sources":false,"vf_locked":false,"featured":false,"color":"#007B53","link_color":"#fff","show_featured_image":false,"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","press_contact":"EMBL Generic","field_target_display":"embl","source_article":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - 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