{"id":32830,"date":"2020-10-07T18:48:43","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T16:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=32830"},"modified":"2024-03-22T10:50:40","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T09:50:40","slug":"nobel-prize-chemistry-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/nobel-prize-chemistry-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Powerful genome editing tool recognised by Nobel Prize in Chemistry"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The genome editing tool CRISPR\u2013Cas9 \u2013 which plays a critical role in EMBL\u2019s research \u2013 was today recognised by one of the most prestigious prizes in science: the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Nobel Committee recognised<a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1608-charpentier\/\"> Emmanuelle Charpentier<\/a>, Director of the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Berlin and a former professor at the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden \u2013 a member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.fr\/research\/partnerships\/remote\/nordic\">Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine<\/a> \u2013 and Jennifer Doudna, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, for their development of CRISPR\u2013Cas9 for genome editing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen it became clear that we could tweak this mechanism into a powerful gene editing technology, I followed my initial interest in seeing the technology applied to the field of human medicine. It is quite rare in science to see the development of so many applications for one technology, and so quickly,\u201d said Emmanuelle during <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1608-charpentier\">an interview at EMBL in 2016<\/a>. \u201cExactly how the different applications will develop in the future is still hard to define, but I am very pleased to see that many medical geneticists are embracing it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe beauty of these discoveries is that they stemmed from purely fundamental, curiosity-driven research,\u201d said EMBL Director General Edith Heard, commenting on today\u2019s announcement. \u201cCharpentier and Doudna and their colleagues were striving to understand the defence strategies bacteria use \u2013 CRISPR\u2013Cas microbial adaptive immune systems \u2013 and came up with discoveries that have transformed the life sciences.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Emmanuelle and Jennifer are clearly curiosity-driven scientists who have changed the world. We are very proud that Emmanuelle carried out some of this discovery in the EMBL Partnership site at the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS),\u201d said Ewan Birney, Deputy Director General of EMBL and Joint Director of EMBL\u2019s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on an ancient bacterial defence mechanism, CRISPR\u2019s enormous potential for gene editing was only discovered during the past decade. CRISPR is built from an individually designed RNA strand and a DNA-cutting protein, such as Cas9. Three important qualities make this tool invaluable for the life sciences: it is cheap, easy to use, and very precise. With CRISPR, it\u2019s possible to target any known DNA region and deactivate a gene or introduce a new one. From medical therapy to fundamental research, CRISPR has a wide range of applications and is used by research groups at EMBL to address important questions in biology. EMBL researchers have also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/tag\/crispr\/\">worked to improve CRISPR technology<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EMBL scientists were part of an international collaboration to develop a new kind of CRISPR platform called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/crispr-from-clipping-scissors-to-word-processor\/\">MAGESTIC<\/a>. The new platform allows CRISPR to operate less like a blunt cutting tool and more like a word processor by enabling an efficient \u2018search and replace\u2019 function for genetic material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EMBL\u2019s Steinmetz group found a way to improve CRISPR\u2013Cas9 functional genomics screens, which allow scientists to study the functions of genomic elements in a systematic way, by modifying thousands of genes in a single experiment. The group designed a new approach for analysing the outcome of genome-wide CRISPR\u2013Cas9 screens, called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/enabling-functional-genomics-studies-in-individual-cells\/\">Targeted Perturb-seq (TAP-seq).<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCRISPR has revolutionised the way we can do our science \u2013 both in terms of opening up access to whole new scientific questions and also by completely changing the scale at which we can make discoveries,\u201d said Jamie Hackett, a group leader at EMBL Rome. \u201cThe power of CRISPR is not just in its precision to introduce genomic changes but also in its relative ease of use \u2013 this democratises science to enable faster research discovery.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That was clearly the case when EMBL researchers applied CRISPR technology to <a href=\"https:\/\/embl-em.de\/press-releases\/2019\/04\/11\/prioritising-cancer-drug-targets-using-crispr\/\">cancer research<\/a>. They were able to disrupt every gene in more than 300 cancer models, revealing thousands of genes essential for cancer survival. This kind of research helps scientists to determine which cancer therapeutics are the best candidates to treat specific types of cancer, accelerating the search for cures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CRISPR is prominent in many EMBL research groups. The Korbel group at EMBL Heidelberg uses CRISPR to discern the extent to which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/wielding-the-genetic-scissors\">cancer cell mutations interact with one another<\/a>. The Hackett group at EMBL Rome goes beyond genetic editing to use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/silencing-the-sars-cov-2-receptor-with-epigenetic-modifications\">CRISPR for epigenetic editing<\/a> as well. The Steinmetz group uses CRISPR to study how an organism\u2019s phenotype \u2013 its observable characteristics \u2013 is affected by substituting just a single DNA base for another at a specific location in the genome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe discovery and widespread use of CRISPR\u2013Cas9 technology \u2013 the now widely known \u2018gene scissors\u2019 \u2013 has opened up a number of incredible new possibilities in biology and medicine,\u201d said EMBL group leader, Senior Scientist, and Head of Data Science Jan Korbel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lars Steinmetz, Senior Scientist and Director of the Stanford | EMBL Life Science Alliance, added, \u201cIt is an extremely versatile tool that can be used in a range of organisms from yeast to mammalian cells, and has revolutionised the way we approach genetics, precision health, and biotechnology. The award is a fantastic recognition of Jennifer and Emmanuelle\u2019s groundbreaking development.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The genome editing tool CRISPR\u2013Cas9 \u2013 which plays a critical role in EMBL\u2019s research \u2013 was recognised by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":32856,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[149,50,628,5092],"embl_taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-32830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-award","tag-biochemistry","tag-crispr","tag-nobel-prize"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"color":"#007B53","link_color":"#fff","article_intro":"<p>Widespread CRISPR\u2013Cas9 use at EMBL is key to expansive science and expanding methodology<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Interview with Emmanuelle Charpentier","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1608-charpentier"},{"link_description":"EMBL research involving CRISPR","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/tag\/crispr"}],"article_sources":false,"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","press_contact":"EMBL Generic","translations":false,"vf_locked":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Powerful genome editing tool recognised by Nobel Prize in Chemistry | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The genome editing tool CRISPR\u2013Cas9 \u2013 which plays a critical role in EMBL\u2019s research \u2013 was recognised by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/nobel-prize-chemistry-2020\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Powerful genome editing tool recognised by Nobel Prize in Chemistry | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The genome editing tool CRISPR\u2013Cas9 \u2013 which plays a critical role in EMBL\u2019s research \u2013 was recognised by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/nobel-prize-chemistry-2020\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-07T16:48:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-22T09:50:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/20201007_Nobel-Prize_Cover_image_1000x600_New-scaled-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ivy Kupec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ivy Kupec\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/nobel-prize-chemistry-2020\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/nobel-prize-chemistry-2020\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ivy Kupec\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/427f2c9b624bc32ffa67d80414712274\"},\"headline\":\"Powerful genome editing tool recognised by Nobel Prize in Chemistry\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-10-07T16:48:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-22T09:50:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/nobel-prize-chemistry-2020\/\"},\"wordCount\":838,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/nobel-prize-chemistry-2020\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/20201007_Nobel-Prize_Cover_image_1000x600_New-scaled-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"award\",\"biochemistry\",\"crispr\",\"nobel prize\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; 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