{"id":30996,"date":"2020-08-19T17:07:45","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T15:07:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=30996"},"modified":"2024-03-22T11:01:04","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T10:01:04","slug":"new-clues-to-a-mystery-about-the-human-heart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/new-clues-to-a-mystery-about-the-human-heart\/","title":{"rendered":"New clues to a 500-year old mystery about the human heart"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Researchers have investigated the function of a complex mesh of muscle fibres that line the inner surface of the heart. The study, published in the journal Nature<\/a><\/em>, sheds light on questions asked by Leonardo da Vinci 500 years ago, and shows how the shape of these muscles impacts heart performance and heart failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This project included collaborators at EMBL\u2019s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Heidelberg University, and the Politecnico di Milano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In humans, the heart is the first functional organ to develop and starts beating spontaneously only four weeks after conception. Early in development, the heart grows an intricate network of muscle fibres \u2013 called trabeculae \u2013 that form geometric patterns on the heart\u2019s inner surface. These are thought to help oxygenate the developing heart, but their function in adults has remained an unsolved puzzle since the 16th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To understand the roles and development of trabeculae, an international team of researchers used artificial intelligence to analyse 25 000 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the heart, along with associated heart morphology and genetic data. The study reveals how trabeculae work and develop, and how their shape can influence heart disease. UK Biobank has made the study data openly available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solutions to da Vinci\u2019s biological enigma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Leonardo da Vinci was the first to sketch trabeculae and their snowflake-like fractal patterns in the 16th century. He speculated that they warm the blood as it flows through the heart, but their true importance has not been recognised until now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur findings answer very old questions in basic human biology. As large-scale genetic analyses and artificial intelligence progress, we\u2019re rebooting our understanding of physiology to an unprecedented scale,\u201d says Ewan Birney, Deputy Director General of EMBL<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The research suggests that the rough surface of the heart ventricles allows blood to flow more efficiently during each heartbeat, just like the dimples on a golf ball reduce air resistance and help the ball travel further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The study also highlights six regions in human DNA that affect how the fractal patterns in these muscle fibres develop. Intriguingly, the researchers found that two of these regions also regulate branching of nerve cells, suggesting a similar mechanism may be at work in the developing brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOur work significantly advanced our understanding of the importance of myocardial trabeculae,\u201d explains Hannah Meyer, Principal Investigator at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory<\/a>. \u201cPerhaps even more importantly, we also showed the value of a truly multidisciplinary team of researchers. Only the combination of genetics, clinical research, and bioengineering led us to discover the unexpected role of myocardial trabeculae in the function of the adult heart.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trabeculae and the risk of heart failure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The researchers discovered that the shape of trabeculae affects the performance of the heart, suggesting a potential link to heart disease. To confirm this, they analysed genetic data from 50 000 patients and found that different fractal patterns in these muscle fibres affected the risk of developing heart failure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Further research on trabeculae may help scientists better understand how common heart diseases develop and explore new approaches to treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLeonardo da Vinci sketched these intricate muscles inside the heart 500 years ago, and it\u2019s only now that we\u2019re beginning to understand how important they are to human health. This work offers an exciting new direction for research into heart failure, which affects the lives of nearly 1 million people in the UK,\u201d says Declan O\u2019Regan, Clinical Scientist and Consultant Radiologist at the MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This post was originally published on EMBL-EBI News<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An international team of scientists involving Ewan Birney’s group has investigated the function of a complex mesh of muscle fibres that line the inner surface of the heart.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":30998,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[4718,28,2050,368,36,42,842,431],"embl_taxonomy":[2906],"class_list":["post-30996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-bioinformatics","tag-biomedical-imaging","tag-birney","tag-embl-ebi","tag-genomics","tag-hinxton","tag-tissue-biology","embl_taxonomy-embl-ebi"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"color":"#a6093d","link_color":"#fff","article_intro":"

Scientists show that muscular structures first described by Leonardo da Vinci are essential for heart function<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"A new microscope to visualise how the heart works","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/new-3d-microscope\/"},{"link_description":"Translating tissue 2D scans into 3D prints","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/alumni\/in-the-flesh-axial3d\/"},{"link_description":"Zeroing in on heart disease","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/zeroing-in-on-heart-disease\/"}],"article_sources":[{"source_description":"

Meyer HV, Dawes TJW, Serrani M, et al<\/em>. Genetic and functional insights into the fractal structure of the heart. Nature<\/em>, published online 19 August 2020. DOI: 10.1038\/s41586-020-2635-8<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2635-8"}],"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","press_contact":"EMBL-EBI Generic","translations":false,"vf_locked":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"a99d1a7c-ca83-4c00-ab61-d082d3e41ce3\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL-EBI"],"slug":"embl-ebi","description":"Where > All EMBL sites > EMBL-EBI"}],"yoast_head":"\nNew clues to a 500-year old mystery about the human heart | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists have investigated a complex mesh of muscle fibres inside the human heart. 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