{"id":30806,"date":"2020-07-31T08:58:24","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T06:58:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=30806"},"modified":"2024-08-29T14:12:12","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T12:12:12","slug":"visualising-the-cells-molecular-machinery-in-action","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/visualising-the-cells-molecular-machinery-in-action\/","title":{"rendered":"Visualising the cell&#8217;s molecular machinery in action"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In a paper published this week in the journal <em>Science<\/em>, researchers in EMBL&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.de\/research\/units\/scb\/mahamid\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mahamid group<\/a> and Juri Rappsilber&#8217;s lab at Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin report how they combined three methods to get high-resolution imagery of parts of the cell that had previously only been studied when removed from the cell and observed in isolation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One way scientists can study the structure of biological molecules is with a technique known as cryo-electron microscopy. This allows researchers to glimpse structures in high resolution, but often involves creating highly purified samples that are taken out of their natural context of the cell. However, technical advances in electron microscopes, detectors, and computational analysis have advanced cryo-electron tomography \u2013 something like a CT scan for cells \u2013 to visualise these structures directly inside cells. EMBL group leader Julia Mahamid and her team decided to use cryo-electron tomography to see some of the cell\u2019s key molecular machinery at work inside a bacterial cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two key processes for molecular biologists are transcription and translation \u2013 the processes that all cells use to convert information from DNA to proteins. Transcription is carried out by a specialised protein complex called RNA polymerase, which binds to DNA and goes along the DNA strand, using it as a template to create a set of messenger molecules. These messages then go to the cell\u2019s protein-making machines, called ribosomes, which translate them into proteins. In cells that have a nucleus, these processes happen in different locations, with transcription taking place inside the nucleus and translation happening outside it. However, scientists have hypothesised for decades that in bacterial cells \u2013 which don\u2019t have a membrane-enclosed nucleus \u2013 the two processes are coupled together, and the RNA polymerase and ribosomes can come into physical contact. Julia\u2019s group has now been able to show that this is the case. And they learned that the molecular activity in its natural context inside cells is different from what had been observed in previous studies outside the cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The research team combined cryo-electron tomography with cross-linking mass spectrometry and computer modelling to refine their findings, producing the highest-resolution images ever obtained of <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/em> \u2013 a bacterium that causes a mild form of pneumonia. They studied <em>Mycoplasma<\/em> in three different scenarios: as it is treated with two different antibiotics and also when it is left untreated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe started this project out of curiosity to see how far we could go,\u201d Julia says. \u201cFor us, this paper is just the beginning \u2013 a proof of principle. Out of this, we have now initiated a number of different projects involving other molecular machines and antibiotics, and with quite a few groups at EMBL interested in applying this approach in their research.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Julia\u2019s group credits the EMBL environment for helping them achieve these results. Ten years ago, EMBL researchers established <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/em> as a model for systems biologists. Additionally, she says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.de\/services\/cryo-em-platform\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EMBL\u2019s Cryo-Electron Microscopy Service Platform is the premier platform<\/a> of this type worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe couldn\u2019t have produced this quality of research within just three years of starting a lab without the data and support we have at EMBL,\u201d Julia says. \u201cThis isn\u2019t an incremental advance, but rather a jump. Cryo-electron microscopy revolutionised structural biology a few years ago. Our new approach is likely to contribute to a second revolution where you can study structures directly while still inside cells.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A new approach that allows researchers to see molecular machinery at work inside cells has offered a deeper understanding of how bacteria produce proteins and a unique glimpse into how they respond to antibiotics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":30866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[17279,712,542,35],"embl_taxonomy":[9796,18993,5152],"class_list":["post-30806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-cryo-electron-microscopy","tag-cryo-electron-tomography","tag-mahamid","tag-structural-biology","embl_taxonomy-embl-heidelberg","embl_taxonomy-julia-mahamid","embl_taxonomy-molecular-systems-biology"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"color":"#007B53","link_color":"#fff","article_intro":"<p>New approach to seeing inside cells could speed up understanding of molecular machines in their natural context<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"","link_url":""}],"article_sources":[{"source_description":"<p>F. O&#8217;Reilly, L. Xue, <em>et al<\/em>. <em>Science<\/em>, published online 30 July 2020.<\/p>\n<p>DOI: 10.1126\/science.abb3758<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/369\/6503\/554"}],"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","press_contact":"None","translations":false,"vf_locked":false,"field_target_display":"embl","field_article_language":{"value":"english","label":"English"},"source_article":false,"article_translations":false,"languages":""},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"ab46b6d4-71d8-49f8-b2f4-b326d4c8ea4e\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL Heidelberg"],"slug":"embl-heidelberg","description":"Where &gt; All EMBL sites &gt; EMBL Heidelberg"},{"uuid":"a:2:{i:0;s:36:\"4428d1fd-441a-4d6d-a1c5-5dcf5665f213\";i:1;s:36:\"93b5bc24-2b4c-411a-8e52-49822b048c3f\";}","parents":[],"name":["Julia Mahamid"],"slug":"julia-mahamid","description":"Who &gt; Julia Mahamid"},{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"7ca3ce91-dc32-47ea-8d4b-7a53c3a3a9fd\";i:2;s:36:\"bd910dd7-0cda-4618-8bfa-d37fbda8438e\";}","parents":[],"name":["Molecular Systems Biology"],"slug":"molecular-systems-biology","description":"What &gt; Research Units &gt; Molecular Systems Biology"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Visualising the cell&#039;s molecular machinery in action | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A new approach that allows researchers to see molecular machinery at work inside cells has offered a deeper understanding of how bacteria produce proteins and a unique glimpse into how they respond to antibiotics.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/visualising-the-cells-molecular-machinery-in-action\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Visualising the cell&#039;s molecular machinery in action | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A new approach that allows researchers to see molecular machinery at work inside cells has offered a deeper understanding of how bacteria produce proteins and a unique glimpse into how they respond to antibiotics.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/visualising-the-cells-molecular-machinery-in-action\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-31T06:58:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-29T12:12:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/mahamid.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ivy Kupec\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Ivy Kupec\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/visualising-the-cells-molecular-machinery-in-action\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/visualising-the-cells-molecular-machinery-in-action\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ivy Kupec\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/427f2c9b624bc32ffa67d80414712274\"},\"headline\":\"Visualising the cell&#8217;s molecular machinery in action\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-31T06:58:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-29T12:12:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/visualising-the-cells-molecular-machinery-in-action\/\"},\"wordCount\":569,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/visualising-the-cells-molecular-machinery-in-action\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/mahamid.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"cryo-electron microscopy\",\"cryo-electron tomography\",\"mahamid\",\"structural biology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; 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