{"id":30528,"date":"2020-07-27T17:12:09","date_gmt":"2020-07-27T15:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=30528"},"modified":"2024-03-22T10:46:50","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T09:46:50","slug":"ai-finds-mutations-in-tumour-images","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/ai-finds-mutations-in-tumour-images\/","title":{"rendered":"Artificial intelligence finds patterns of mutations and survival in tumour images"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Researchers at EMBL\u2019s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital in Cambridge, UK, and collaborators have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that uses computer vision to analyse tissue samples from cancer patients. They have shown that the algorithm can distinguish between healthy and cancerous tissues, and can also identify patterns of more than 160 DNA and thousands of RNA changes in tumours. The study, published today in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43018-020-0085-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Nature Cancer<\/em><\/a>, highlights the potential of AI for improving cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cancer diagnosis and prognosis are largely based on two main approaches. In one, histopathologists examine the appearance of cancer tissue under the microscope. In the other, cancer geneticists, analyse the changes that occur in the genetic code of cancer cells. Both approaches are essential to understand and treat cancer, but they are rarely used together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cClinicians use microscopy slides for cancer diagnosis all the time. However, the full potential of these slides hasn\u2019t been unlocked yet. As computer vision advances, we can analyse digital images of these slides to understand what happens at a molecular level,\u201d says Yu Fu, Postdoctoral Fellow in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/research\/gerstung\">Gerstung Group at EMBL-EBI<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Computer vision algorithms are a form of artificial intelligence that can recognise certain features in images. Fu and colleagues repurposed such an algorithm developed by Google \u2013 originally used to classify everyday objects such as lemons, sunglasses and radiators \u2013 to distinguish various cancer types from healthy tissue. They showed that this algorithm can also be used to predict survival and even patterns of DNA and RNA changes from images of tumour tissue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Teaching algorithms to detect molecular changes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Previous studies have used similar methods to analyse images from single or a few cancer types with selected molecular alterations. However, Fu and colleagues generalised the approach on an unprecedented scale: they trained the algorithm with more than 17 000 images from 28 cancer types collected for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/about-nci\/organization\/ccg\/research\/structural-genomics\/tcga\">The Cancer Genome Atlas<\/a>, and studied all known genomic alterations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat is quite remarkable is that our algorithm can automatically link the histological appearance of almost any tumour with a very broad set of molecular characteristics, and with patient survival,\u201d explains Moritz Gerstung, Group Leader at EMBL-EBI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overall, their algorithm was capable of detecting patterns of 167 different mutations and thousands of gene activity changes. These findings show in detail how genetic mutations alter the appearance of tumour cells and tissues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another research group has independently validated these results with a similar AI algorithm applied to images from eight cancer types. Their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43018-020-0087-6\">study<\/a> was published in the same issue of <em>Nature Cancer<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A potential tool for personalised medicine<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The integration of molecular and histopathological data provides a clearer picture of a tumour\u2019s profile. Detecting the molecular features, cell composition, and survival associated with individual tumours would help clinicians tailor appropriate treatments to their patients\u2019 needs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFrom a clinician\u2019s point of view, these findings are incredibly exciting. Our work shows how artificial intelligence could be used in clinical practice,\u201d explains Luiza Moore, Clinician Scientist and Pathologist at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital. \u201cWhile the number of cancer cases is increasing worldwide, the number of pathologists is declining. At the same time, we strive to move away from the \u2018one size fits all\u2019 approach and into personalised medicine. A combination of digital pathology and artificial intelligence can potentially alleviate those pressures and enhance our practice and patient care.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sequencing technologies have propelled genomics to the forefront of cancer research, yet these technologies remain inaccessible to most clinics around the world. A possible alternative to direct sequencing would be to use AI to emulate a genomic analysis using data that is cheaper to collect, like microscopy slides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cGetting all that information from standard tumour images in a completely automatic manner is revolutionary,\u201d says Alexander Jung, PhD student at EMBL-EBI. \u201cThis study shows what might be possible in the coming years, but these algorithms will have to be refined before clinical implementation.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence algorithm that uses computer vision to analyse tissue samples from cancer patients. The algorithm can distinguish between healthy and cancerous tissues, and can also identify patterns DNA and RNA changes in tumours.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":30534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[28,38,189,36,468,604,1008],"embl_taxonomy":[2906],"class_list":["post-30528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-bioinformatics","tag-cancer","tag-computational-biology","tag-embl-ebi","tag-gerstung","tag-machine-learning","tag-mutation","embl_taxonomy-embl-ebi"],"acf":{"featured":true,"color":"#a6093d","show_featured_image":false,"article_intro":"<p>AI applied to tumour microscopy images detects patterns of 167 different mutations and predicts patient survival in 28 cancer types<\/p>\n","article_sources":[{"source_description":"<p>FU, Y., <em>et al<\/em>. Pan-cancer computational histopathology reveals mutations, tumor composition and prognosis. <em>Nature Cancer<\/em>. Published online 27 July 2020. DOI: 10.1038\/s43018-020-0085-8<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43018-020-0085-8"}],"related_links":[{"link_description":"A tool to improve cancer research","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/a-tool-to-improve-cancer-research\/"},{"link_description":"Cancer mutations occur decades before diagnosis","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/SCIENCE\/pan-cancer-evolutionary-history\/"},{"link_description":"Chromothripsis in human cancer","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/pan-cancer-chromosome-shattering\/"}],"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","link_color":"#fff","press_contact":"EMBL-EBI Generic","translations":false,"vf_locked":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"b14d3f13-5670-44fb-8970-e54dfd9c921a\";i:1;s:36:\"89e00fee-87f4-482e-a801-4c3548bb6a58\";i:2;s:36:\"a99d1a7c-ca83-4c00-ab61-d082d3e41ce3\";}","parents":[],"name":["EMBL-EBI"],"slug":"embl-ebi","description":"Where &gt; 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