{"id":29154,"date":"2009-11-04T18:55:00","date_gmt":"2009-11-04T17:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=29154"},"modified":"2024-11-14T16:27:38","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T15:27:38","slug":"deciphering-the-regulatory-code","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/deciphering-the-regulatory-code\/","title":{"rendered":"Deciphering the regulatory code"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start   size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/11\/fruit-fly-embryos-furlong-2009.tif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fruit-fly-embryos-furlong-2009-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"fluorescence microscopy images of fruit fly embryos\" class=\"wp-image-29166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fruit-fly-embryos-furlong-2009-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fruit-fly-embryos-furlong-2009-679x1024.jpg 679w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fruit-fly-embryos-furlong-2009-768x1159.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fruit-fly-embryos-furlong-2009.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"vf-figure__caption\">These fluorescence microscopy images of fruit fly embryos demonstrate that the scientists\u2019 computer predictions were correct. As predicted, during the early stages of development (top) a CRM called 1070 is active (red) in the mesoderm (green) \u2013 the tissue which will give rise to all muscle types. At a later developmental stage (middle), the same CRM is active (red\/pink) in the embryo\u2019s body wall muscle (blue), but not in its gut muscle (green). At the same time (bottom), another CRM, called 5570 (red), drives development in the gut muscle (green) but not in the body wall muscle (blue). Image credit: Furlong\/EMBL<br \/>Click on image to download a high resolution version (tiff).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Embryonic development is like a well-organised building project, with the embryo\u2019s DNA serving as the blueprint from which all construction details are derived. Cells carry out different functions according to a developmental plan, by expressing, i.e. turning on, different combinations of genes. These patterns of gene expression are controlled by transcription factors: molecules which bind to stretches of DNA called cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), and, once bound, switch the relevant genes on or off. Thanks to scientists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg, Germany, it is now possible to accurately predict when and where different CRMs will be active. The study, published today in <em>Nature<\/em>, is a first step towards forecasting the expression of all genes in a given organism and demonstrates that the genetic regulation that is crucial for correct embryonic development is more flexible than previously thought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Through an interdisciplinary collaboration between biologist Robert P. Zinzen, computer scientist Charles Girardot and statistician Julien Gagneur, a novel, integrated approach was possible. They combined detailed experimental data about where and when transcription factors are binding to CRMs with a computational approach, and were able to forecast CRM activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cGoing from global binding data to CRM activity was a big challenge in the field \u2013 one which we have now begun to overcome\u201d, says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/groups\/furlong\/\">Eileen Furlong<\/a>, who headed the study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Using a comprehensive, systematic approach, the scientists identified and recorded the binding profiles \u2013 i.e. the combinations of transcription factors binding at different times and places \u2013 of approximately 8000 CRMs involved in regulating muscle development in the fruit fly Drosophila. The activity of a number of such CRMs had been previously studied, and the EMBL team used this information to group them into classes according to the type of muscle and developmental stages they were active in. The scientists then trained a computer to unravel the binding profiles for each of these groups, and search the 8000 newly identified CRMs for ones whose binding profiles fitted that picture. Such CRMs were predicted to have similar activity patterns, implying they are involved in regulating the development of the same muscle type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the scientists tested their predictions experimentally, the results were not only accurate but also enlightening. It turns out that the regulatory code, in which one binding profile leads to one pattern of CRM activity, is actually not that straightforward. CRMs with strikingly different binding profiles can have similar patterns of activity. This plasticity was unexpected, but makes sense in evolutionary terms, the researchers say. The fact that different combinations of transcription factors, or binding codes, can regulate the same developmental process means that even if some transcription factors or CRMs change or are lost during an organism\u2019s evolution, it can still develop a gut muscle, for instance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhat\u2019s exciting for me is that this study shows that it is possible to predict when and where genes are expressed, which is a crucial first step towards understanding how regulatory networks drive development\u201d, Furlong concludes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Embryonic development is like a well-organised building project, with the embryo\u2019s DNA serving as the blueprint from which all construction details are derived. Cells carry out different functions according to a developmental plan, by expressing, i.e. turning on, different combinations of genes.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":29166,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[537,478,833,484,183,1748],"embl_taxonomy":[18897,19259],"class_list":["post-29154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-dna","tag-drosophila","tag-fruit-fly","tag-furlong","tag-gene-expression","tag-press-release","embl_taxonomy-eileen-furlong","embl_taxonomy-furlong-group"],"acf":{"vf_locked":false,"featured":true,"color":"#007B53","show_featured_image":true,"article_intro":"<h2>EMBL scientists take new approach to predict gene expression<\/h2>\n","article_sources":[{"source_description":"<p>Zinzen, R.P., Girardot, C., Gagneur, J., \u2028Braun, M. &amp; Furlong, E.E.M. Combinatorial binding predicts spatio-temporal cis-regulatory activity. <em>Nature<\/em>, 5 November 2009. DOI: 10.1038\/nature08531<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature08531"}],"related_links":false,"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","press_contact":"EMBL Generic","link_color":"#fff","field_target_display":"embl","source_article":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:2:{i:0;s:36:\"4428d1fd-441a-4d6d-a1c5-5dcf5665f213\";i:1;s:36:\"a6ce8c14-af11-4834-81c1-10e29a4f6795\";}","parents":[],"name":["Eileen Furlong"],"slug":"eileen-furlong","description":"Who &gt; Eileen Furlong"},{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"fe59a59f-fd7d-49b3-b3e4-bdd33a6642c3\";i:2;s:36:\"bead5498-7a84-4517-ab56-cb9704ea9c73\";}","parents":[],"name":["Furlong Group"],"slug":"furlong-group","description":"What &gt; Genome Biology &gt; Furlong Group"}],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Deciphering the regulatory code | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg take new approach to predict gene expression.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/deciphering-the-regulatory-code\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Deciphering the regulatory code | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg take new approach to predict gene expression.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/deciphering-the-regulatory-code\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-11-04T17:55:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-14T15:27:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fruit-fly-embryos-furlong-2009.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1100\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1660\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Guest author(s)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Guest author(s)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/deciphering-the-regulatory-code\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/deciphering-the-regulatory-code\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Guest author(s)\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/b4d9366b2ebe691c4015c64c3619205b\"},\"headline\":\"Deciphering the regulatory code\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-11-04T17:55:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-14T15:27:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/deciphering-the-regulatory-code\/\"},\"wordCount\":610,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/deciphering-the-regulatory-code\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/fruit-fly-embryos-furlong-2009.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"dna\",\"drosophila\",\"fruit fly\",\"furlong\",\"gene expression\",\"press release\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; 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