{"id":29122,"date":"2009-10-01T20:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-10-01T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?p=29122"},"modified":"2024-11-14T16:27:44","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T15:27:44","slug":"from-foe-to-friend-mosquitoes-that-transmit-malaria-may-help-fight-the-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/from-foe-to-friend-mosquitoes-that-transmit-malaria-may-help-fight-the-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"From foe to friend: mosquitoes that transmit malaria may help fight the disease"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"These<\/a>
These microscopy images show that, in A. gambiae mosquitoes, the different alleles of the TEP1 gene confer different degrees of resistance to malaria: the midgut of a mosquito whose only functional allele is the ‘resistance’ one (left) contains a number of dead malaria parasites (black dots), but very few live parasites (fluorescent green dots), whereas in another, genetically identical, mosquito with only the ‘susceptibility’ allele turned on (right), parasite survival was much higher. Image credit: Marina Lamacchia\/INSERM
Click on image to download a high resolution version (tiff).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

For many years, the mosquitoes that transmit malaria to humans were seen as public enemies, and campaigns to eradicate the disease focused on eliminating the mosquitoes. But, as a study published today in Science<\/em> shows, the mosquitoes can also be our allies in the fight against this common foe, which kills almost one million people a year and heavily impairs the economies of affected countries. In this study, researchers at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg, Germany, and the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) in Strasbourg, France, discovered that variations in a single gene affect mosquitoes\u2019 ability to resist infection by the malaria parasite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMalaria parasites must spend part of their lives inside mosquitoes and another part inside humans, so by learning how mosquitoes resist malaria, we may find new tools for controlling its transmission to humans in endemic areas\u201d, says Stephanie Blandin from INSERM, who carried out the research at EMBL in collaboration with Lars Steinmetz\u2019s group<\/a> and with Rui Wang-Sattler (now at the Helmholtz Zentrum in Munich, Germany).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The scientists looked for clues in the genome \u2013 the whole DNA \u2013 of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, a major carrier of the parasite that causes the most severe form of human malaria in Africa. They focused on the mosquitoes\u2019 resistance to a commonly used model organism: Plasmodium berghei, a parasite that causes malaria in rodents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When they compared the genomes of mosquitoes that could resist this infection to those of mosquitoes that couldn\u2019t, the scientists discovered that the major difference lies in a single section of one chromosome. Of the roughly 975 genes contained in this section of DNA, one in particular appears to play an important role in determining a mosquito\u2019s resistance to malaria. This gene, called TEP1, encodes a protein which was known to bind to and promote the killing of Plasmodium berghei malaria parasites in the mosquito\u2019s midgut, and the scientists discovered that their strain of resistant mosquitoes had a form, or allele, of TEP1, that was different from those found in non-resistant (or susceptible) strains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To investigate whether this difference in alleles caused the variation in the mosquitoes\u2019 resistance to malaria, the scientists developed a new technique, reciprocal allele-specific RNA interference, inspired by one Steinmetz\u2019s group had previously created to study yeast. \u201cThis was a breakthrough, because the new technique is applicable to many different organisms\u201d, says Steinmetz. \u201cIt extends the power we gained in yeast: we can go from a whole region of DNA to the actual causative gene \u2013 a feat rarely achievable in complex organisms\u201d. The technique enables scientists to identify exactly which allele is behind a specific trait. They produced individual mosquitoes that had one TEP1 allele from the resistant strain and another from a susceptible strain, and then \u201cturned off\u201d \u2013 or silenced \u2013 one or other of these alleles. The result: silencing different alleles produced mosquitoes with different degrees of resistance to malaria, meaning that an individual mosquito\u2019s resistance to the malaria parasite depends largely on which form(s) of this one gene it carries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although this study focused on the parasite that causes malaria in rodents, there is evidence that this gene may also be involved in the mosquitoes\u2019 immune response to human malaria \u2013 a connection the scientists are exploring, and which they believe may help to make malaria eradication programs more effective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For many years, the mosquitoes that transmit malaria to humans were seen as public enemies, and campaigns to eradicate the disease focused on eliminating the mosquitoes. But, as a study published today in Science shows, the mosquitoes can also be our allies in the fight against this common foe,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":29138,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[537,3684,928,330,4726,1748,329,768],"embl_taxonomy":[19383],"class_list":["post-29122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-dna","tag-infection-biology","tag-infectious-disease","tag-malaria","tag-parasite","tag-press-release","tag-steinmetz","tag-yeast","embl_taxonomy-steinmetz-group"],"acf":{"vf_locked":false,"featured":true,"color":"#007B53","show_featured_image":true,"article_intro":"

EMBL scientists identify gene behind malaria-resistant mosquitoes<\/h2>\n","article_sources":[{"source_description":"

Blandin, S. A., Wang-Sattler, R., Lamacchia, M., Gagneur, J., Lycett, G., Ning, Y., Levashina, E.A. & Steinmetz, L.M. Dissecting the genetic basis of resistance to malaria parasites in Anopheles gambiae<\/em>. Science<\/em>, 2 October 2009. DOI: 10.1126\/science.1175241<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/326\/5949\/147"}],"related_links":false,"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","press_contact":"EMBL Generic","link_color":"#fff","field_target_display":"embl","source_article":false},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[{"uuid":"a:3:{i:0;s:36:\"302cfdf7-365b-462a-be65-82c7b783ebf7\";i:1;s:36:\"fe59a59f-fd7d-49b3-b3e4-bdd33a6642c3\";i:2;s:36:\"e3e93e44-11a7-4560-adc0-d9f49c362c3c\";}","parents":[],"name":["Steinmetz Group"],"slug":"steinmetz-group","description":"What > Genome Biology > Steinmetz Group"}],"yoast_head":"\nFrom foe to friend: mosquitoes that transmit malaria may help fight the disease | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EMBL scientists discovered that variations in a single gene affect mosquitoes\u2019 ability to resist infection by the malaria parasite.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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