{"id":1974,"date":"2014-10-10T10:42:10","date_gmt":"2014-10-10T08:42:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/?p=1974"},"modified":"2025-02-19T13:25:05","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T12:25:05","slug":"1410_hungarian-scientists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1410_hungarian-scientists\/","title":{"rendered":"10 notable Hungarian scientists"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Irinyi_janos-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"J\u00e1nos Irinyi. IMAGE: DAVIIS AT hu.wikipedia, PUBLIC DOMAIN.\" class=\"wp-image-1988\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/chemonet.hu\/hun\/mvm\/irinyi\/irinyie.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">J\u00e1nos Irinyi<\/a> (Irinyi J\u00e1nos; 1817\u20131895)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This chemist made matches safer and quieter at a stroke: by replacing calcium chlorate with lead dioxide in match heads. Irinyi also spread knowledge of chemistry beyond scientific circles, publishing a textbook for schools, and played a prominent role in developing technical chemical terms in Hungarian.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Ignaz_Semmelweis-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Ignaz Semmelweis. IMAGE: EUGEN DOBY, PUBLIC DOMAIN\" class=\"wp-image-1989\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/global.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/534198\/Ignaz-Philipp-Semmelweis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ignaz Semmelweis<\/a> (Semmelweis Ign\u00e1c F\u00fcl\u00f6p; 1818\u20131865)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Now hailed as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures, Semmelweis uncovered a link between hand-washing in obstetrics clinics and reduced rates of infant sickness, advocating for better hygiene two decades before the idea that diseases were caused by germs was widely accepted.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Tivadar_Puskas-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Tivadar Pusk\u00e1s. IMAGE: AUTHOR UNKNOWN, PUBLIC DOMAIN\" class=\"wp-image-1993\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tivadar Pusk\u00e1s<\/a> (Pusk\u00e1s Tivadar; 1844\u20131893)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pusk\u00e1s pioneered the idea of the telephone switchboard, and, working for Thomas Edison, built Europe\u2019s first telephone exchange in Paris in 1879. Four years later, another of his inventions was put into practice in his home city of Budapest: the \u2018speaking newspaper\u2019 \u2013 a forerunner of radio, which delivered up-to-the-minute stock reports and sports results, live music and even children\u2019s programmes to subscribers via telephone.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/E\u00f6tv\u00f6s_Lor\u00e1nd_Morelli-e1412867551520-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Roland E\u00f6tv\u00f6s. IMAGE: GUST\u00c1V MORELLI, PUBLIC DOMAIN\" class=\"wp-image-1995\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk\/~history\/Biographies\/Eotvos.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Roland von E\u00f6tv\u00f6s<\/a> (E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd; 1848\u20131919)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This physicist developed methods and tools to measure gravity, conducting experiments that went on to inform Einstein\u2019s theory of relativity and developing an incredibly precise instrument \u2013 the torsion balance \u2013 which greatly improved searches for natural resources such as coal and oil.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/733px-GyorgyiNIH-e1412867761195-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi. PHOTO: J.W. MCGUIRE, PUBLIC DOMAIN\" class=\"wp-image-1999\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/medicine\/laureates\/1937\/szent-gyorgyi-bio.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi<\/a> (Nagyr\u00e1polti Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Albert; 1893\u20131986)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This Budapest-born physiologist discovered vitamin C, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. Szent Gy\u00f6rgyi later went on to discover the role of actin in muscle contraction.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Leo_Szilard-e1412867970700-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"L\u00e9o Szil\u00e1rd. PHOTO: US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, PUBLIC DOMAIN\" class=\"wp-image-2000\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.embl.de\/services\/library\/library_information\/about\/szilard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">L\u00e9o Szil\u00e1rd<\/a> (Szil\u00e1rd Le\u00f3; 1898\u20131964)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A physicist by training, Szil\u00e1rd was one of the first to see the potential of nuclear fission and chain reactions, and worked with Enrico Fermi on the first nuclear reactor. In the late 1940s the focus of this productive mind shifted to biology, both in addressing concrete biological problems, but also in devising grander schemes like the proposal to establish a European laboratory dedicated to molecular biology \u2013 the idea that gave rise to EMBL.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Maria_Telkes_NYWTS-e1412868154868-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00e1ria Telkes. PHOTO: NEW YORK WORLD-TELEGRAM AND THE SUN STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER, PUBLIC DOMAIN\" class=\"wp-image-2002\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1996\/08\/13\/us\/maria-telkes-95-an-innovator-of-varied-uses-for-solar-power.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">M\u00e1ria Telkes<\/a> (Telkes M\u00e1ria; 1900\u20131996)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Telkes pioneered the use of solar energy. By studying and using different chemicals\u2019 ability to store and release energy, she devised applications that ranged from a portable solar-powered water desalinator for use on Navy lifeboats to solar ovens and even the first solar-heated house.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/705px-Edward_Teller_1958-LLNL-e1412868319187-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Edward Teller. PHOTO: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY, PUBLIC DOMAIN\" class=\"wp-image-2004\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.achievement.org\/autodoc\/page\/tel0int-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Edward Teller<\/a> (Hungarian: Teller Ede; 1908 &#8211; 2003)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Often referred to as \u2018the father of the hydrogen bomb,\u2019 Teller\u2019s mathematical prowess enabled him to prove that the bomb\u2019s explosion, while powerful, would only destroy a limited area, assuaging fears among the scientists in the Manhattan Project that such an uncontrolled nuclear reaction might continue indefinitely, eventually consuming the whole planet.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"vf-figure  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-start  \"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/Erdos_budapest_fall_1992-e1412868561631-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Paul Erd\u0151s. PHOTO: KMHKMH (CC BY 3.0), CROPPED\" class=\"wp-image-2005\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/191138\/Paul-Erdos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul Erd\u0151s<\/a> (Hungarian: Erd\u0151s P\u00e1l, 1913 &#8211; 1996)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Described as the most prolific mathematician of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century, Erd\u0151s is also credited with making his discipline a more social, collaborative endeavour. He became known for his nomadic lifestyle, declining full-time job offers so that he could instead travel the world working with colleagues on whatever problems caught his attention.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr class=\"vf-divider\"\/>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/full\/10.1146\/annurev-micro-092611-150133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Agnes Ullmann<\/a> (Hungarian: Ullmann Agnes; born 1927)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Born in Transylvania \u2013 which has been part of both Hungary and Romania within her lifetime \u2013 Ullmann is renowned not just for her scientific excellence but also for her strong character. Working with Jacques Monod and the team that discovered the first model of genetic regulation \u2013 the lactose operon \u2013 she played a key role in identifying the lactose operon\u2019s repressor, and discovering and studying both cyclic-AMP and the alpha-complementation of the enzyme beta-galactosidase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>We thank group leaders Orsolya Barabas and P\u00e9ter L\u00e9nart for their help in compiling this list of notable scientists from their home country.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From vitamin C to safe matches, a sample of notable scientists from our newest prospect member state.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17593,2],"tags":[40,24,32,990,354,123],"embl_taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-people-perspectives","category-science","tag-gene-regulation","tag-governance","tag-health","tag-hungary","tag-leo-szilard","tag-member-state"],"acf":{"article_intro":"<p>EMBL\u2019s newest prospect member state has a long history of scientific success. By way of a sample, here are the Hungarian names behind vitamin C, safe matches, the importance of hand washing and much more. Do follow the links for more information about these remarkable minds, many of whom lived remarkable lives.<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"EMBL Press Release: Hungary joins EMBL as prospect member state","link_url":"http:\/\/www.embl.org\/press\/2014\/141006_Heidelberg"},{"link_description":"More on these and other notable Hungarians (with links to the USA)","link_url":"http:\/\/www.famoushungarians.com\/"},{"link_description":"","link_url":""}],"article_sources":false,"vf_locked":false,"featured":false,"color":"#007B53","show_featured_image":false,"source_article":false,"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"None"},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>10 notable Hungarian scientists<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From vitamin C to safe matches, a sample of notable scientists from Hungary, our newest prospect member state\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1410_hungarian-scientists\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10 notable Hungarian scientists\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From vitamin C to safe matches, a sample of notable scientists from Hungary, our newest prospect member state\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1410_hungarian-scientists\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-10-10T08:42:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T12:25:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vitaminC_ib.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"425\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sonia Furtado Neves\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@Aur_ora\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sonia Furtado Neves\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1410_hungarian-scientists\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1410_hungarian-scientists\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sonia Furtado Neves\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/d926199a955624b44dda296f396c5e68\"},\"headline\":\"10 notable Hungarian scientists\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-10-10T08:42:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-19T12:25:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1410_hungarian-scientists\/\"},\"wordCount\":628,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1410_hungarian-scientists\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/vitaminC_ib.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"gene regulation\",\"governance\",\"health\",\"hungary\",\"leo szilard\",\"member state\"],\"articleSection\":[\"People &amp; 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