{"id":1761,"date":"2014-09-12T12:00:57","date_gmt":"2014-09-12T10:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/news.embl.de\/?p=1761"},"modified":"2024-11-14T16:31:52","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T15:31:52","slug":"1409_stem-cell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1409_stem-cell\/","title":{"rendered":"Major advance in stem cell technology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Researchers at EMBL-EBI have resolved a long-standing challenge in stem cell biology by successfully &#8216;resetting&#8217; human pluripotent stem cells to a fully pristine state, at the point of their greatest developmental potential. The study, published in <em>Cell<\/em>, involved scientists from the UK, Germany and Japan and was led jointly by EMBL-EBI and the University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Embryonic stem (ES) cells, which originate in early development, are capable of differentiating into any type of cell. Until now, scientists have only been able to revert \u2018adult\u2019 human cells (for example, liver, lung or skin) into pluripotent stem cells with slightly different properties that predispose them to becoming cells of certain types. Authentic ES cells have only been derived from mice and rats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cReverting mouse cells to a completely \u2018blank slate\u2019 has become routine, but generating equivalent na\u00efve human cell lines has proven far more challenging,\u201d says <a title=\"Paul Bertone\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/about\/people\/paul-bertone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul Bertone, group leader at EMBL-EBI<\/a> and a senior author on the study. \u201cHuman pluripotent cells resemble a cell type that appears slightly later in mammalian development, after the embryo has implanted in the uterus.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At this point, subtle changes in gene expression begin to influence the cells, which are then considered \u2018primed\u2019 towards a particular lineage. Although pluripotent human cells can be cultured from in vitro fertilised (IVF) embryos, until now there have been no human cells comparable to those obtained from the mouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wiping cell memory<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFor years, it was thought that we could be missing the developmental window when na\u00efve human cells could be captured, or that the right growth conditions hadn&#8217;t been found,\u201d Bertone&nbsp;explains. \u201cBut with the advent of iPS cell technologies, it should have been possible to drive specialised human cells back to an earlier state, regardless of their origin \u2013 if that state existed in primates.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taking a new approach, the scientists used reprogramming methods to express two different genes, NANOG and KLF2, which reset the cells. They then maintained the cells indefinitely by inhibiting specific biological pathways. The resulting cells are capable of differentiating into any adult cell type, and are genetically normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The experimental work was conducted hand-in-hand with computational analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe needed to understand where these cells lie in the spectrum of the human and mouse pluripotent cells that have already been produced,\u201d explains&nbsp;Bertone. \u201cWe worked with the EMBL Genomics Core Facility to produce comprehensive transcriptional data for all the conditions we explored. We could then compare reset human cells to genuine mouse ES cells, and indeed we found they shared many similarities.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Together with Professor Wolf Reik at the Babraham Institute, the researchers also showed that DNA methylation (biochemical marks that influence gene expression) was erased over much of the genome, indicating that reset cells are not restricted in the cell types they can produce. In this more permissive state, the cells no longer retain the memory of their previous lineages and revert to a blank slate with unrestricted potential to become any adult cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unlocking the potential of stem cell therapies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The research was performed in collaboration with Professor Austin Smith, Director of the Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur findings suggest that it is possible to rewind the clock to achieve true ground-state pluripotency in human cells,\u201d said Professor Smith.\u201cThese cells may represent the real starting point for formation of tissues in the human embryo. We hope that in time they will allow us to unlock the fundamental biology of early development, which is impossible to study directly in people.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"vf-blockquote\"><p>Our findings suggest that it is possible to rewind the clock to achieve true ground-state pluripotency in human cells<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The discovery paves the way for the production of superior patient material for translational medicine. Reset cells mark a significant advance for human stem cell applications, such as drug screening of patient-specific cells, and are expected to provide reliable sources of specialised cell types for regenerative tissue grafts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This post was originally published on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/about\/news\/press-releases\/advance-in-stem-cell-technology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"canonical nofollow noopener noreferrer\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/about\/news\/press-releases\/advance-in-stem-cell-technology\">EMBL-EBI News.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers produce pristine stem cells, which can be precisely changed into clinically relevant cell types.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":1770,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[28,64,36,32,118],"embl_taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-1761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-bioinformatics","tag-cell-biology","tag-embl-ebi","tag-health","tag-stem-cell"],"acf":{"article_intro":"<p>Researchers at EMBL-EBI have produced pristine stem cells, which can be precisely changed into clinically relevant cell types. Their work enables the development of more\u00a0clinically effective cell therapies.<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Babraham Institute ","link_url":"http:\/\/www.babraham.ac.uk\/"},{"link_description":"Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute","link_url":"http:\/\/www.stemcells.cam.ac.uk\/"},{"link_description":"This story first appeared on the EMBL-EBI website, 12 September 2014","link_url":"http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/about\/news\/press-releases\/advance-in-stem-cell-technology"}],"article_sources":[{"source_description":"<p>Takashima, Y, et al. <em>Cell, 11 September 2014.<\/em>\u00a0DOI: 10.1016\/j.cell.2014.08.029 \u2013 open access.<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S009286741401099X"}],"vf_locked":false,"featured":false,"color":"#007B53"},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Major advance in stem cell technology | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers produce pristine stem cells, which can be precisely changed into clinically relevant cell types.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1409_stem-cell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Major advance in stem cell technology | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers produce pristine stem cells, which can be precisely changed into clinically relevant cell types.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1409_stem-cell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"www.facebook.com\/EMBLEBI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-09-12T10:00:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-11-14T15:31:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Stem_cell_news_2014-EMBL.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"380\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mary Todd Bergman\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@EMBLEBI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mary Todd Bergman\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1409_stem-cell\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1409_stem-cell\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mary Todd Bergman\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/052a43af2beb3860bffa67c0f0474875\"},\"headline\":\"Major advance in stem cell technology\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-09-12T10:00:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-14T15:31:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1409_stem-cell\/\"},\"wordCount\":666,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/1409_stem-cell\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/09\/Stem_cell_news_2014-EMBL.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"bioinformatics\",\"cell biology\",\"embl-ebi\",\"health\",\"stem cell\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science\",\"Science &amp; 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