{"id":15731,"date":"2019-04-25T17:00:33","date_gmt":"2019-04-25T15:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.embl.de\/?p=15731"},"modified":"2024-03-22T10:56:19","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T09:56:19","slug":"sex-and-diet-affect-proteotype","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/sex-and-diet-affect-proteotype\/","title":{"rendered":"Sex and diet affect proteotype"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Understanding these individual proteomes might provide a basis for personalised treatments for humans in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe goal of the study was to understand whether different proteins within the proteome interact with each other the same way in different individuals and, if not, what factors cause the differences,\u201d explains first author Natalie Romanov, postdoctoral researcher in Peer Bork\u2019s group at EMBL Heidelberg. The study of the individual proteomes \u2013 the proteotypes \u2013 delivered a surprising result. It showed that a significant part \u2013 around 12% \u2013 of the proteotype variation is determined by both sex and diet; this is more than expected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So far, only a few proteins were known to be up- or downregulated according to the genetic sex of an animal or its diet. Sex-specific differences, for example, are usually traced back to chromosome X\/Y-specific gene expression, but the new study showed that a lot more proteins are affected. The impact of diet, on the other hand, was restricted to a smaller complementary set of protein machineries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s impressive that these two factors alone already account for a large part of an individual\u2019s proteotype,\u201d says Romanov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proteotype-directed personalised medicine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The future of medical treatment lies in personalised medicine, in which products are tailored to individual patients. So far, most studies have focused on adapting treatments to the genotype \u2013 the genetic makeup of a cell encoded in the DNA. However, while some rare diseases are clearly genetically determined, for most diseases the environment plays a major role and the genome of the patient only has a minor contribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn the case of obesity, for example, only about 6% of the variation in the body mass index can be explained by the associated genetics,\u201d says Peer Bork. \u201cThe proteotype reflects not only the genetics but also environmental aspects, for example the lifestyle. As such, understanding proteotypes holds great promise for providing life-style-associated fingerprints in individuals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study provides a major stepping stone in understanding which cellular alterations in a diseased individual can be potentially reversed by changing life-style. This knowledge could not only be useful for disease diagnosis but also to individualise therapies in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A first small step<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The team obtained their results by analysing 11 large public datasets containing detailed information on different proteotypes in humans and mice, as well as their diet and genetic status. It is only with recent advances in the throughput of mass spectroscopy that such large databases on individual proteotypes have been made possible. Despite technological advancements the creation of these databases is still expensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe results provide a first step only. It can be assumed that many other parameters besides sex and diet need to be fully tested to potentially reshape the proteotype of an individual from a diseased to a healthier state,\u201d concludes Martin Beck, one of the co-authors. \u201cTo understand most of the differences in proteotypes of individuals many more such datasets need to be collected. We also need to test for many more environmental and genetic factors before respective diagnostics and individualised therapies can be pushed into the clinics.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Geschlecht und Ern\u00e4hrung beeinflussen Gesamtheit der Proteine<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Wissenschaftler des EMBL Heidelberg haben herausgefunden, dass die Gesamtheit der Proteine in einer tierischen Zelle \u2013 auch Proteom genannt \u2013 stark vom Geschlecht des Tieres und auch von seiner Ern\u00e4hrung beeinflusst wird. Das Verst\u00e4ndnis dieser individuellen Proteome k\u00f6nnte in Zukunft eine Grundlage f\u00fcr eine personalisierte Behandlung bei Menschen bilden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
Der Proteotyp eines Individuums h\u00e4ngt stark von dessen Geschlecht und seiner Ern\u00e4hrung ab. BILD: Aleksandra Krolik on behalf of EMBL<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

 “Ziel der Studie war es, zu verstehen, ob verschiedene Proteine innerhalb des Proteoms bei verschiedenen Individuen gleichartig miteinander interagieren und, wenn nicht, welche Faktoren die Unterschiede verursachen”, erkl\u00e4rt Erstautorin Natalie Romanov, Postdoc-Forscherin in der Gruppe von Peer Bork am EMBL Heidelberg. Die Untersuchung der einzelnen Proteome \u2013 der Proteotypen \u2013 lieferte ein \u00fcberraschendes Ergebnis. Es zeigte sich, dass ein signifikanter Teil \u2013 etwa 12% – der Proteotypvariation sowohl vom Geschlecht des Tieres als auch von seiner Ern\u00e4hrung bestimmt ist; dies ist mehr als erwartet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bisher waren nur wenige Proteine bekannt, die durch das genetische Geschlecht oder die Ern\u00e4hrung eines Tieres hinauf- oder herunterreguliert  werden. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede zum Beispiel, gehen in der Regel auf die X\/Y-spezifische Genexpression der Geschlechtschromosomen zur\u00fcck. Die neue Studie zeigte, dass davon viel mehr Proteine betroffen sind als bisher gedacht. Die Auswirkungen der Ern\u00e4hrung hingegen beschr\u00e4nkten sich auf einen kleineren, komplement\u00e4ren Satz von Proteinen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Es ist beeindruckend, dass diese beiden Faktoren allein schon einen gro\u00dfen Teil des Proteotyps eines Individuums ausmachen”, sagt Romanov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proteotypgesteuerte personalisierte Medizin<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Die Zukunft der medizinischen Versorgung liegt in der personalisierten Medizin, in der die Produkte auf den einzelnen Patienten zugeschnitten sind. Bisher konzentrierten sich die meisten Studien auf die Anpassung von Behandlungen an den Genotyp \u2013 also die genetische Zusammensetzung einer Person. W\u00e4hrend einige seltene Krankheiten eindeutig genetisch determiniert sind, spielt bei den meisten Krankheiten die Umwelt eine gro\u00dfe Rolle und das Genom des Patienten ist relativ unwichtig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Bei krankhaftem \u00dcbergewicht zum Beispiel lassen sich nur etwa 6% der Variation des Body-Mass-Index durch die damit verbundene Genetik erkl\u00e4ren”, sagt Peer Bork. “Der Proteotyp spiegelt nicht nur die Genetik wider, sondern auch Umweltaspekte, zum Beispiel den Lebensstil. Daher hat das Verst\u00e4ndnis von Proteotypen gro\u00dfes Potenzial, wenn es darum geht, lebensstilbezogene Fingerabdr\u00fccke bei Individuen zu erstellen.” <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diese Studie stellt einen wichtigen Meilenstein im Verst\u00e4ndnis dar, welche zellul\u00e4ren Ver\u00e4nderungen bei einem kranken Menschen durch eine \u00c4nderung des Lebensstils potenziell r\u00fcckg\u00e4ngig gemacht werden k\u00f6nnen. Dieses Wissen k\u00f6nnte nicht nur f\u00fcr die Krankheitsdiagnose, sondern auch f\u00fcr die zuk\u00fcnftige Individualisierung von Therapien n\u00fctzlich sein. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ein erster kleiner Schritt<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Das Team erzielte seine Ergebnisse durch die Analyse von 11 gro\u00dfen \u00f6ffentlichen Datens\u00e4tzen, die detaillierte Informationen \u00fcber verschiedene Proteotypen bei Mensch und Maus sowie deren Ern\u00e4hrung und genetischen Status enthalten. Erst mit den j\u00fcngsten Fortschritten im Bereich der Massenspektroskopie wurden so gro\u00dfe Datenbanken \u00fcber einzelne Proteotypen erm\u00f6glicht. Trotz technologischer Fortschritte ist die Erstellung dieser Datenbanken jedoch immer noch teuer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Die Ergebnisse stellen nur einen ersten Schritt dar. Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass viele andere Parameter neben Geschlecht und Ern\u00e4hrung vollst\u00e4ndig getestet werden m\u00fcssen, um den Proteotyp eines Individuums von einem erkrankten in einen ges\u00fcnderen Zustand umzugestalten”, schlie\u00dft Martin Beck, einer der Co-Autoren. “Um die meisten Unterschiede in den Proteotypen von Individuen zu verstehen, m\u00fcssen viele weitere solcher Datens\u00e4tze gesammelt werden. Wir m\u00fcssen auch auf viel mehr Umwelt- und Genfaktoren testen, bevor entsprechende Diagnostik und individualisierte Therapien in die Kliniken gebracht werden k\u00f6nnen.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EMBL scientists have discovered that the proteome is substantially affected by both sex and diet<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":15749,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,17591],"tags":[350,365,782,600,43,1748,704,668,815],"embl_taxonomy":[],"class_list":["post-15731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","category-science-technology","tag-beck","tag-bork","tag-database","tag-diet","tag-heidelberg","tag-press-release","tag-proteins","tag-proteome","tag-proteotype"],"acf":{"article_intro":"

Scientists from EMBL Heidelberg have discovered that the collection of proteins in an animal cell \u2013 called the proteome \u2013 is substantially affected by both the animal\u2019s sex and its diet.<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"Research of the Bork group at EMBL","link_url":"https:\/\/intranet.embl.de\/research\/scb\/bork\/index.html"},{"link_description":"Research of the Beck group at EMBL","link_url":"https:\/\/intranet.embl.de\/research\/scb\/beck\/index.html"}],"article_sources":[{"source_description":"

Natalie Romanov, Michael Kuhn, Ruedi Aebersold, Alessandro Ori, Martin Beck, Peer Bork: ‘Disentangling the impact of genetic and environmental factors on the proteotypes across individuals’. Cell<\/em>, published online 25 April 2019.<\/p>\n","source_link_url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.015"}],"vf_locked":false,"featured":false,"color":"#007B53","show_featured_image":false,"in_this_article":false,"youtube_url":"","mp4_url":"","video_caption":"","translations":[{"translation_language":"German","translation_anchor":"#a1"}],"press_contact":"EMBL Generic"},"embl_taxonomy_terms":[],"yoast_head":"\nSex and diet affect proteotype | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EMBL scientists have discovered that the proteome is substantially affected by both sex and diet\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/science\/sex-and-diet-affect-proteotype\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sex and diet 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