{"id":58551,"date":"2023-05-15T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?post_type=embletc&#038;p=58551"},"modified":"2023-07-21T13:07:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T11:07:58","slug":"the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments","status":"publish","type":"embletc","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/","title":{"rendered":"The story of Clustal: democratising sequence alignments"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In the late 1980s, whenever Des Higgins received a request from a fellow scientist to share Clustal \u2013 the groundbreaking software he had developed \u2013 he would send it out in a floppy disk via the postal service. Over a period of four years, he estimates having sent two or three hundred copies. Then, in 1992, Higgins put a new version of the program on the EMBL file server, set up by EMBL IT group leader Roy Omond.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;And overnight, there were 400 downloads,&#8221; said Higgins. &#8220;It was a wonderful feeling.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A lifelong learner and problem solver, Higgins joined EMBL in 1990, well before the bioinformatics boom had taken off. An avid reader of science books and a collector of wild spiders as a child, he had earlier arrived at Trinity College, Dublin, to study biology and fallen in love with computation while pursuing a PhD in zoology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Bioinformatics in the 1980s was mainly done by researchers working on their own or by very small groups, and as a sideline rather than a main focus,\u201d said Higgins. \u201cEven the word \u2018bioinformatics\u2019 wasn&#8217;t much used up until 1985.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, that changed when large-scale sequencing became popular. As Higgins recalls: \u201cOnce people started sequencing genomes, you couldn&#8217;t make use of the data without bioinformatics. And so, between 1990 and the year 2000, bioinformatics went from being a minor field to being of fundamental importance.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two other developments aided the growing popularity of bioinformatics. The first was the Human Genome Project, launched in 1990 and (mostly) completed in 2003 when it was the first to sequence more than 90% of the human genome. And the second was the recognition by pharmaceutical companies in the 1990s of the commercial potential of mining early data from human genomes, as well as from other biological datasets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At this crucial moment in the development of the field, EMBL was well-situated to take a leading role. The EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database, the world\u2019s first nucleotide sequence database, was established in the early 1980s at The Data library of EMBL Heidelberg, which later developed into the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) in Hinxton. When Higgins joined the EMBL Data Library, it was being led by Graham Cameron (who developed the concept for EMBL-EBI and later became its associate director).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;EMBL was one of the main places in Europe that championed bioinformatics,\u201d said Higgins. \u201cIt had one of the biggest collections of bioinformaticists in the world. We had very good computer facilities, and everyone had a computer on their desk connected to the EMBL mainframe computers.\u201d According to Higgins, the scientists were also fully connected to the internet, something that set them apart from most other scientists on the planet at the time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;It felt pioneering,\u201d Higgins said. \u201cIt felt like we were doing something new and important and even if the rest of the world didn&#8217;t think so, they would soon realise it \u2013 because what we were doing was about to become essential.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A crucial collaboration<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the things Higgins appreciated most about EMBL was the academic freedom it afforded its researchers. In this environment, the problem that he turned his attention to was one he had already been working on before he came to EMBL \u2013 that of multiple sequence alignments.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aligning or comparing short sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein sequences can give scientists a wealth of interesting biological information. One of the most important applications is in the field of phylogenetics \u2013 figuring out how organisms are related to each other in the evolutionary tree by comparing their genetic codes. Another application is in working out the function of an unknown protein by comparing its sequence to that of known proteins. As Higgins explains, &#8220;It is useful to be able to pile sequences on top of each other to look for which regions are conserved and which regions are variable.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, when researchers needed to make such alignments in the 1980s, there were no easily available methods for doing so, and scientists often ended up doing them manually using word processing software \u2013 a time-consuming and error-prone process. Towards the end of the decade, quite a few researchers, including Higgins, created and released programs to speed up or automate this process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;But to use these, you needed a mainframe computer,\u201d explained Higgins. \u201cYou had to work in an institute that had one and you had to know how to use it. These were big expensive boxes that required a whole computer lab to run them.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While EMBL had good mainframe computers, most molecular biologists in the world didn&#8217;t have easy access to mainframes. And hence, what Higgins wanted most was to make multiple sequence alignment work on old IBM and Apple Macintosh PCs, which most scientists had on their desktops for writing manuscripts. The result was \u2018Clustal\u2019 \u2013 one of the first multiple sequence alignment programs that didn\u2019t require mainframes to run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI figured out how to make multiple alignments work on these tiny little computers,&#8221; said Higgins. \u201cIt meant that now anyone could make their own multiple alignments in their offices.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was at this stage that he ran into Toby Gibson, Team leader at EMBL who was then a staff scientist in Patrick Argos\u2019s research group. Gibson often had to do multiple sequence alignments for his work, and had been using the manual method up until then. \u201cAnd I said I&#8217;ve got a program that can do this. Would you like to try it?&#8221; Higgins recalled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While excited by Higgins\u2019s program, Gibson was nevertheless sceptical about some aspects. And so Julie Thompson, then a programmer working with Gibson and now a senior scientist at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC) in Strasbourg, France, took up the task of modernising the Clustal package that Higgins had created, and making it more sensitive and accurate for protein alignments.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;EMBL was a wonderful place to collaborate,\u201d said Higgins. \u201cPeople were free to take on new collaborations quickly. Also, there were seminars and workshops happening constantly, so you got to meet new people all the time.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The three scientists continued to meet over coffee or beer in Heidelberg, and the program was finally finished around 1994. The team described the updated software, which they called Clustal W, in a paper published in the journal <em>Nucleic Acids Research. <\/em>Higgins had moved to EMBL-EBI by then, and this was the very first paper published from that institute.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A revolution in multiple sequence alignments<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image  | vf-figure--align vf-figure--align-inline-end  size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/img2.thejournal-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Male scientist in front of a sign.\" class=\"wp-image-58929\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/img2.thejournal-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/img2.thejournal.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The success of Clustal W exceeded all expectations. According to a 2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/the-top-100-papers-1.16224#\/b10\">analysis by <em>Nature<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>the 1994 paper introducing Clustal W was then the most highly cited bioinformatics paper of all time, and the 10th most cited paper across all scientific fields. At its height, the program was used many thousands of times every day around the world, by everyone from undergraduate students to senior bioinformaticians. It enabled advances in fields as diverse as evolutionary biology, cancer research, and vaccine design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thompson later created a graphical user interface for Clustal, making the program even easier to use and accessible to more scientists worldwide. The scientists described this version of the program \u2013 Clustal X \u2013 in a 1997 paper, which the same <em>Nature<\/em> analysis found to be the 28th most cited paper across all fields, and the fourth most highly cited bioinformatics paper of all time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ease of use was one of the guiding principles for Higgins, Gibson, and Thompson. \u201cWhen I first made the program, I wanted to ensure that you could use the program without having to read the manual,\u201d said Higgins. \u201cWe wanted it to be simple enough that undergraduates could use it in practicals or other scientists could use it without having to be trained in bioinformatics.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The other major ideal was accessibility. &#8220;We never charged for Clustal,\u201d said Higgins. \u201cThe concept of open access did not exist in those days, but the software was effectively open access, because it was free to use and we gave away the source code.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The end of an era<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Leaving EMBL in 1996, Higgins moved to University College Cork in Ireland, where he taught biochemistry from 1997 to 2003. He was Professor of Bioinformatics at University College Dublin until his retirement last year. With his retirement, Clustal is no longer in active development, but its last released version \u2013 Clustal Omega \u2013 continues to be available to the world via EMBL-EBI.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOmega is the last letter of the Greek alphabet,\u201d said Higgins, adding that many new programs for multiple alignment have come up in recent years, including MAFFT, also hosted by EMBL-EBI. \u201cLife goes on,\u201d he added philosophically.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In recognition of his indisputable contributions to the field of bioinformatics research, Higgins was awarded the 2023 Lennart Philipson Award. The awards will be presented as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/info\/alumni\/world-alumni-day-2023\/\">EMBL World Alumni Day celebration<\/a>, which will take place at EMBL Heidelberg on 7 July 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<article class=\"vf-card vf-card--brand vf-card--bordered vf-u-margin__bottom--800\" style=\"--vf-card__image--aspect-ratio: 16 \/ 9;\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"389\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/NewAlumniAward.png\" class=\"vf-card__image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" itemprop=\"image\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/NewAlumniAward.png 649w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/NewAlumniAward-300x180.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/>  <div class=\"vf-card__content | vf-stack vf-stack--400\">\n          <p class=\"vf-card__subheading\">Celebrating 100 issues of EMBLetc.<\/p>\n            <p class=\"vf-card__text\">The Lennart Philipson award was first introduced in 2017. Here is an excerpt from Issue 78 of <em>EMBLetc.<\/em> discussing the idea behind the award.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Desmond Higgins, 2023 Lennart Philipson Award winner, discusses his time at EMBL and his research developing sequence alignment tools.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":124,"featured_media":58723,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","tags":[80,28,36,42,45],"class_list":["post-58551","embletc","type-embletc","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-alumni","tag-bioinformatics","tag-embl-ebi","tag-genomics","tag-proteomics"],"acf":{"featured":true,"show_featured_image":false,"field_target_display":"embl","field_article_language":{"value":"english","label":"English"},"article_intro":"<p>We caught up with 2023 Lennart Philipson Award winner Desmond Higgins for a chat about his time at EMBL, his research developing sequence alignment tools, and 20th-century bioinformatics.<\/p>\n","related_links":[{"link_description":"EMBL Alumni Awards Announced for 2023\r\n","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/alumni\/embl-alumni-awards-announced-for-2023\/"},{"link_description":"EMBL World Alumni Day 2023\r\n","link_url":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/info\/alumni\/world-alumni-day-2023\/"}],"source_article":false,"in_this_article":false,"press_contact":"None","article_translations":false,"languages":"","embletc_issue":[{"ID":58531,"post_author":"124","post_date":"2023-05-15 12:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2023-05-15 10:00:00","post_content":"","post_title":"Issue 100","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"issue-100","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-05-15 13:01:59","post_modified_gmt":"2023-05-15 11:01:59","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?post_type=embletc-issue&#038;p=58531","menu_order":0,"post_type":"embletc-issue","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}],"embletc_in_this_issue":[{"ID":58549,"post_author":"16","post_date":"2023-05-15 12:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2023-05-15 10:00:00","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>By Tom Furnival-Adams,<\/em>&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/about\/info\/alumni\/\">Alumni Relations Officer<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Veli Vural Uslu completed his PhD in the Spitz Group at EMBL Heidelberg from 2009 to 2015, including a short stint as a bridging postdoc. Today, he is the writer, director, and organiser of various science-themed theatre plays, and the founder of TAP (The Awesome Potatoes) Science Theater Heidelberg, where he has trained and worked with 70 scientists from 34 countries since 2015. Here, he discusses some of his early inspirations and why he believes science communication is an important skill for every scientist.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>What were some of the early inspirations that brought you into the fields of science and science communication?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>I come from a very, very small town in Turkey. I was initially interested in mathematics, because we didn\u2019t have easy access to laboratories. I went to a very rudimentary school, and mathematics gave me something accessible to play around with. I used to participate in Mathematics Olympiads, but I didn\u2019t have a way to explain some of these abstract concepts to people. So, I turned to the natural sciences, because with them, there was always something that I could catch people\u2019s attention with. That\u2019s how I started learning biology and chemistry. Then I went to university for molecular biology and genetics, and I realised that this was the field for me.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>My parents were both teachers, of history and mathematics respectively. They had a subscription to the only popular science magazine in 1990s in Turkey which included puzzles and interviews with people. Looking back, this was my way of finding out what was actually taking place in the world of science at the time. It was just the right moment for me to discover this magazine, at a point where I wanted to play, but also to discover more.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>Can you tell us about some of your experiences at EMBL?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>I first came to EMBL to visit a friend. We hiked from the guest house in Boxberg through the forest to this giant science complex, and I found it a very emotional experience. On that trip, I learned about the freedom and opportunities at EMBL. Later, when I joined the EMBL PhD programme, Francois Spitz, my advisor, introduced me to the puzzle of chromatin organisation. The eye, the skin, the heart \u2013 they all have the same DNA, but different gene expression patterns. My advisor explained it to me as a puzzle, and that really got me interested in developmental biology. I found it really amazing that EMBL provided this space for people to reflect on how they feel about their subjects, and to bring their emotions and their personality to this very solid scientific structure.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>Were there any defining moments or key lessons you took away from EMBL?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>I took a presentation skills course during my time there, and this was really the turning point where I realised that you <em>don't<\/em> have to be a talented public speaker, or have a certain type of personality, to go in front of people. There are methods to do it, and you can learn and train those skills. So I started doing lots of small-scale communication work and taking courses. Another turning point was one of the John Kendrew Award talks, delivered by the 2013 winner Katharina Ribbeck, who is now a group leader at MIT. She spoke about how you really need your own niche in science to progress. This was the first moment when I asked myself: what is going to be my mission? I think this is also why I value receiving this award myself, ten years later, so much.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>How did you first become involved with theatre?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It first started at university, when I began assisting a friend who was a director. I wasn\u2019t very much interested in theatre, but I really liked the atmosphere there, as the people were very relaxed and expressed themselves easily and creatively. So, I immersed myself in it to get a taste of the atmosphere rather than actually having an artistic interest in theatre.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That\u2019s also what brought me to the EMBL Theatre Club; I thought the environment would be really nice. We produced three plays in three years, and it was interesting to see how people reacted to this work. For example, the dramatic plays always get more appreciation back in Turkey, but at EMBL, I think people preferred comedy. So, I found theatre fascinating and a very good place to be creative and reflect on that creativity. When you\u2019re in the director\u2019s seat and the play starts, the only thing you concentrate on is the performance of the cast and the reaction of the audience. It is, therefore, a very good observation point. I would see how people reacted to certain things, and we would then play around with that in future performances. So it\u2019s really a place where you can give yourself feedback and create something new.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":59007,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/KSalat2-1024x684.jpeg\" alt=\"Group photo of theatre actors and workers.\" class=\"wp-image-59007\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The team behind Kartoffelsalat, a play of five sketches, written by different members of The Awesome Potatoes. Credit: Veli Vural Uslu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>Can you tell us about the beginnings of your own theatre group?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When my time at EMBL was over, I remember feeling rather lonely and lost. I started putting up these posters around Neuenheimer Feld, hoping that some people were interested in joining a theatre group. Seven people, plus one person that I knew from EMBL, turned up to the first session. I led a few exercises and it turned out that we resonated immediately. Our meetings were sometimes to discuss theatre and sometimes simply an outlet for expressing emotions, which is a really integral component of theatre. We put on our first play in an amphitheatre-style classroom at Heidelberg University with 177 seats and no stage. We took these classroom tables and put them up to make a wall, in order to create a \u2018backstage\u2019. Then we covered the blackboards with decorations. That was how we presented our first theatre play and it was a big success. We were really surprised!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>How did you build up the audience for your theatre productions?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Once we started using a professional stage, we had to cover costs. We started selling tickets in the university canteen for two or five euros each. It was crazy; I had no idea that people would be so interested. Our shows were sold out every single time in venues, which could host up to three hundred people in the audience. The first people that came to our shows were the university crowd, and we found that the stories we were telling were really resonating with them. But then word spread around, and we started getting people from the non-scientific world, which was very interesting. They were really interested in the scientific context, which is generally not so exciting for scientists as it\u2019s their day-to-day life. Those people also often stayed after the shows for a drink, and this was deliberately a very comfortable environment where we could meet each other and get feedback. Audience members could ask us about specific topics, and we encouraged random encounters between scientists and non-scientists.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":59407,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Lysistrata1-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"Group photo of theatre actors and workers.\" class=\"wp-image-59407\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">More than 25 PhD students and postdocs took part in an adaptation of Aristophanes' Lysistrata by Veli Vural Uslu as actors, dancers,&nbsp;and backstage workers. The complete performance was sold out in Hebelhalle, Heidelberg.&nbsp;Credit: Veli Vural Uslu. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>Do you feel that most scientists understand the importance of communicating the value of their science? Are there any common challenges, and have you found ways to overcome them?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>I do feel they understand the importance, but the issue is that scientists are not necessarily born to express themselves. They don\u2019t all want to be put in front of the public and asked to answer questions. This is a common challenge, and one of our group efforts was to organise science communication events where we did not choose the best or most interesting talk, but rather the most interesting questions. We would get the presenter to give a talk and then take questions from the audience, and then we would present awards to the audience for their questions. The purpose was to engage the public and encourage them to enter a scientific discussion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The events had the atmosphere of a Science Slam or a \u2018pint of science\u2019 evening, always taking place in an interactive venue like a pub or small theatre that allowed the audience to be close to the stage. We realised that the presenters from the theatre did not need further training to explain themselves, because they were already confident being on stage. But when we wanted to convince their very close friends who had worked with them for a long time, it was much more difficult.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This was how I started getting into teaching science communication to people outside the theatre, in order to make them feel more comfortable on stage. I began reading and practising this myself, and that\u2019s how I ended up in Fame Lab, which is almost like a stand-up show. I won the visual competition in Germany, and went to England to represent Germany in the international final, where I finished second, and I thought: ok, I can do this!<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/vfwp-embed {\n    \"id\": \"block_64540b8384608\",\n    \"name\": \"acf\\\/vfwp-embed\",\n    \"data\": {\n        \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/embed\\\/4bQ0n_6sUTU\",\n        \"_url\": \"field_5ecbb005d2d93\",\n        \"caption\": \"\",\n        \"_caption\": \"field_5ecbb0e7d2d94\",\n        \"ratio\": \"16 x 9\",\n        \"_ratio\": \"field_5ecbb0f3d2d95\"\n    },\n    \"align\": \"\",\n    \"mode\": \"preview\"\n} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>From there, I began travelling around Europe to teach scientists to build confidence and reduce fear and anxiety regarding public appearances, often using elements of theatre. In my experience, those who learn these elements have a strong urge to explain their research methods and why their time in the lab matters to the wider community. So that\u2019s why I believe that these theatre-based science communication tools are so important, and that\u2019s why I\u2019m spending time all over Europe sharing these experiences while leading my own research group. This has also now become a part of the curriculum at Heidelberg University. Currently, we are carrying out didactic classroom studies to assess how theatre-based teaching methods improve science education at university level.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>Do you believe presentation and communication skills should be a core part of a researcher\u2019s scientific training?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Yes. For example, in my experience, when scientists know they will be presenting at a conference, they are anxious and they want to learn more presenting skills. And when they feel comfortable with these skills, and they arrive to present, it\u2019s not a duty but an urge to express themselves, because they can do it in many different ways that fit their personality, and there is no real formula to this. It\u2019s just how they can use the skills to find their own niche of science communication in order to share knowledge with other people.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>What are your thoughts on the need for communicating failure in science?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When the COVID-19 pandemic hit, theatre and most other performance arts came to a stop, I had the chance to do some videos, and I was contacted by local, national and international news agencies, like Euronews for some consulting around their communication of the pandemic. Through this, I noticed that the media focused intensely on the BioNTech vaccine, the Moderna vaccine, the AstraZeneca vaccine etc. \u2013 but there were more than 100 companies working on vaccines. What happened to the others? Why weren\u2019t we hearing about them?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The public assumption was that three or four companies tried to produce vaccines and now they\u2019re pushing their results. And, if you focus only on these, of course, there will be scepticism. It is important that we also focus on the companies that openly failed in their vaccine trials. Giants like Johnson &amp; Johnson and Sanofi, for example, were slow to make progress or CureVac trials did not yield a successful vaccine. If the media had highlighted this more, perhaps there would have been a greater understanding that BioNTech and the others achieved something that was very, very difficult. This is why I think reflecting on failures and celebrating successes makes scientific breakthroughs much easier for people to digest. Failure is still one of the biggest missing fields in science communication in general.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/vfwp-divider {\n    \"id\": \"block_64540c0c8460a\",\n    \"name\": \"acf\\\/vfwp-divider\",\n    \"data\": {\n        \"is_container\": \"1\",\n        \"_is_container\": \"field_5ec3be037f09c\"\n    },\n    \"align\": \"\",\n    \"mode\": \"preview\"\n} \/-->\n\n<!-- wp:acf\/vfwp-card {\n    \"id\": \"block_645409d02babe\",\n    \"name\": \"acf\\\/vfwp-card\",\n    \"data\": {\n        \"image_source\": \"media_library\",\n        \"_image_source\": \"field_602ba83883d48\",\n        \"image\": 59015,\n        \"_image\": \"field_5ebd3243ee8ec\",\n        \"title\": \"Celebrating 100 issues of EMBLetc.\",\n        \"_title\": \"field_5ebd3243ee989\",\n        \"subheading\": \"\",\n        \"_subheading\": \"field_603b4403d386e\",\n        \"text\": \"The very first John Kendrew awards were presented in 2007, as seen here in Issue 42 of <em>EMBLetc.<\\\/em>\",\n        \"_text\": \"field_5ebd3243eea26\",\n        \"link\": {\n            \"title\": \"\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/www.embl.org\\\/news\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/issue42.pdf\",\n            \"target\": \"\"\n        },\n        \"_link\": \"field_5ebd3243eeac3\",\n        \"style\": \"bordered\",\n        \"_style\": \"field_5ebd3244102b1\",\n        \"image_ratio\": \"default\",\n        \"_image_ratio\": \"field_61d41d4bcbbee\"\n    },\n    \"align\": \"\",\n    \"mode\": \"preview\"\n} \/-->","post_title":"Merging science and theatre","post_excerpt":"Veli Vural Uslu, winner of the 2023 John Kendrew award, chats about his journey in science and his adventures in science communication. Uslu is the writer, director, and organiser of various science-themed theatre plays, and the founder of TAP (The Awesome Potatoes) Science Theater Heidelberg.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"merging-science-and-theatre","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-05-17 19:33:38","post_modified_gmt":"2023-05-17 17:33:38","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?post_type=embletc&#038;p=58549","menu_order":0,"post_type":"embletc","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":58717,"post_author":"120","post_date":"2023-05-15 12:00:00","post_date_gmt":"2023-05-15 10:00:00","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Alexander Aulehla<\/strong>, Head of Developmental Biology Unit, and <strong>Mikhail Savitski<\/strong>, Team Leader and Head of Proteomics Core Facility at EMBL Heidelberg, have received <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/photos\/a.106410552755491\/5913079058755249\/\">Allen Distinguished Investigator awards<\/a> this year for a project to study differences in protein ageing and lifespan. Funded by the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, the awards support cutting-edge, early-stage research projects that promise to advance the fields of biology and medicine.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Alba Diz-Mu\u00f1oz<\/strong>, Group Leader at EMBL Heidelberg, won the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/embl\/status\/1627697434464845826\">2023 Early Career Award in Mechanobiology<\/a> from the US Biophysical Society (BPS). The award recognises a young principal investigator who has made outstanding contributions to the way we understand how mechanics shape molecular and cellular processes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Olivier Duss<\/strong>, Group Leader at EMBL Heidelberg, is one of the recipients of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/photos\/a.106410552755491\/5880614545335034\/\">FEBS Excellence Awards<\/a> from the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS). The prestigious programme supports early-career group leaders in molecular life sciences.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Miki Ebisuya<\/strong>, Group Leader at EMBL Barcelona, has been awarded an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.humboldt-foundation.de\/en\/explore\/newsroom\/dossier-alexander-von-humboldt-professorship\/miki-ebisuya\">Alexander von Humboldt Professorship<\/a> by the Humboldt Foundation. The professorship, one of Germany\u2019s foremost research awards, aims to bring top international researchers from all disciplines to German universities.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Anne Ephrussi<\/strong>, Senior Scientist and Head of EICAT, has received the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/embl\/status\/1626507619849437186\">Lifetime Achievement Award<\/a> from the Society for Developmental Biology. The award recognises her fundamental research contributions to our understanding of RNA localisation and translation in development.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Jamie Hackett<\/strong>, Group Leader at EMBL Rome, won the first <a href=\"https:\/\/de.gsk.com\/de-de\/presse\/pressemeldungen\/cellzome-gsk-und-embl-biotechnologische-forschung-made-in-germany-fuer-eine-bessere-versorgung-mit-innovativen-therapien\/#\">GSK-EMBL Young Entrepreneur<\/a> Award for his research on precise epigenome modifications for regulating genes. The award by EMBLEM and GSK supports EMBL scientists in testing the commercial viability of early research work.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Edith Heard<\/strong>, EMBL Director General, has been elected <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/lab-matters\/edith-heard-elected-as-member-of-the-french-academy-of-sciences\/\">member of the French Academy of Sciences<\/a> (Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences \u2013 Institut de France), under the section \u2018Human Biology and Medical Sciences\u2019, for her work on epigenetics, particularly in deciphering the process of X-chromosome inactivation. In addition to providing policymakers with a framework of expertise, the academy supports research, science education, and scientific life at the international level.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u200b\u200bJohn Lees<\/strong>, Group Leader, and <strong>Joel Hellewell<\/strong>, postdoctoral fellow in the Lees Group at EMBL-EBI, have received the SPI-M-O Award for Modelling and Data Support (SAMDS) from the British government, in recognition of their exceptional contributions to the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Modelling (SPI-M-O) and the scientific advice which has supported the government\u2019s response to the pandemic.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Jonas Tholen, <\/strong>postdoctoral fellow in the Galej Group at EMBL Grenoble, is the graduate student winner of the 2023 <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/WojtekGalej\/status\/1623245309928255490\">Scaringe Young Scientist Award<\/a> from the RNA Society. Open to all junior scientists from all regions of the world, the award recognises the winners\u2019 achievements in RNA research and encourages them to pursue a career in the field of RNA.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Nassos Typas<\/strong>, Group Leader and Senior Scientist at EMBL Heidelberg, has been awarded the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fondationbs.org\/en\/what-we-do\/life-sciences\/liliane-bettencourt-prize-life-sciences\">Liliane Bettencourt Prize for Life Sciences 2022<\/a> from the Fondation Bettencourt Schueller. Each year, this prize is given to a European young researcher for their outstanding work and contribution to the scientific community.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Awards and honours (Issue 100)","post_excerpt":"The work and excellence of EMBL researchers have been recognised with multiple awards and honours during the past six months. Here are some of the awardees.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"awards-and-honours-issue-100","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-05-15 12:22:07","post_modified_gmt":"2023-05-15 10:22:07","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/?post_type=embletc&#038;p=58717","menu_order":0,"post_type":"embletc","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The story of Clustal: democratising sequence alignments | EMBL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EMBL alumni award winner Des Higgins chats about his time at EMBL, his research on sequence alignment tools, and 20th-century bioinformatics\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The story of Clustal: democratising sequence alignments | EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EMBL alumni award winner Des Higgins chats about his time at EMBL, his research on sequence alignment tools, and 20th-century bioinformatics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"EMBL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/embl.org\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-21T11:07:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Featured_Des-sitting-at-computer-1024x614.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"614\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@embl\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/\",\"name\":\"The story of Clustal: democratising sequence alignments | EMBL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Featured_Des-sitting-at-computer-e1683117451219.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-15T10:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-21T11:07:58+00:00\",\"description\":\"EMBL alumni award winner Des Higgins chats about his time at EMBL, his research on sequence alignment tools, and 20th-century bioinformatics\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/embletc\/issue-100\/the-story-of-clustal-democratising-sequence-alignments\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Featured_Des-sitting-at-computer-e1683117451219.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Featured_Des-sitting-at-computer-e1683117451219.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":600,\"caption\":\"Desmond Higgins, winner of the 2023 Lennart Philipson Award. 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