{"id":29190,"date":"2015-10-05T19:24:04","date_gmt":"2015-10-05T17:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/gfp-treasure-hunt-introduction\/"},"modified":"2021-06-17T18:21:26","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T18:21:26","slug":"gfp-treasure-hunt-introduction","status":"publish","type":"teachingbase","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/gfp-treasure-hunt-introduction\/?lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Chasse au tr\u00e9sor GFP \u2013 Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"vf-tabs\"><ul class=\"vf-tabs__list\" data-vf-js-tabs=\"true\"><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-4299ba5f-81f8-4496-897f-0bfeb0925b82\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-89887417-e975-4e9b-b4d8-f738aae76f6a\">Navigation d&#8217;activit\u00e9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"vf-tabs-content\" data-vf-js-tabs-content=\"true\">\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-4299ba5f-81f8-4496-897f-0bfeb0925b82\"><h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00c0 quoi ressemble une s\u00e9quence biologique et quelles sont les utilisations que pouvez-vous en faire ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imaginez un instant que le centre du g\u00e9nome EMBL poss\u00e8de des s\u00e9quences d&#8217;\u00e9chantillons d&#8217;ADN de diff\u00e9rentes prot\u00e9ines fluorescentes. Avant de commencer vos analyses bioinformatiques de ces \u00e9chantillons, lisez les informations ci-dessous afin de voir \u00e0 quoi ressemble les r\u00e9sultats du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age de l&#8217;ADN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9sultats du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age de l&#8217;ADN peuvent \u00eatre visualis\u00e9s de deux mani\u00e8res diff\u00e9rentes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><strong>1. Chromatogramme d&#8217;une s\u00e9quence<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"vf-grid | vf-grid__col-3\"><div class=\"vf-grid__col--span-2\"><!--[vf\/content]-->\n<div class=\"vf-content\">\n\nUn chromatogramme de s\u00e9quence permet d&#8217;afficher les donn\u00e9es produites sous forme de &#8220;pics&#8221; par l&#8217;appareil de s\u00e9quen\u00e7age.\nUne couleur diff\u00e9rente est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e pour chacune des 4 bases :\n<br>A =&nbsp;<span style=\"color:green\">vert<\/span>&nbsp;, C =&nbsp;<span style=\"color:blue\">bleu<\/span>&nbsp;, G = noir, T =&nbsp;<span style=\"color:red\">rouge<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La s\u00e9quence d&#8217;ADN peut ainsi \u00eatre &#8220;lue&#8221; comme une s\u00e9quence de pics individuels. L&#8217;exemple suivant repr\u00e9sente le chromatogramme d&#8217;une telle s\u00e9quence :<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div><!--[vf\/content]-->\n<div class=\"vf-content\">\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"592\" height=\"235\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chromatogram_Example.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chromatogram_Example.png 592w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chromatogram_Example-300x119.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Fichiers texte en format FASTA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le format FASTA est un format texte qui permet d&#8217;afficher et de stocker des s\u00e9quences d&#8217;acides nucl\u00e9\u00efques (ADN et ARN) et d&#8217;acides amin\u00e9s (prot\u00e9ines). Chaque s\u00e9quence d\u00e9bute par le symbole &#8220;plus grand que&#8221; (&gt;) et par une en-t\u00eate descriptive (le nom de la s\u00e9quence) Le nom de la s\u00e9quence est ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 la suite sans espace. Les lignes qui suivent contiennent les donn\u00e9es de la s\u00e9quence. Les exemples suivants illustrent une <strong>s\u00e9quence repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en format FASTA :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\" style=\"word-break:break-all\">&gt;Human_1233_P1\nAGGAGCAGGGAGGGCAGGAGCCAGGGCTGGGCATAAAAGTCAGGGCAGAGCCATCTATTGCTTACATTTGCTTCTGACACAACTGTGTTCACTAGCAACCTCAAACAGACACCATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTGCCGTTACTGCCCTGTGGGGCAAGGTGAACGTGGATGGAAGTTGGTGGTGAGGCCCTGGGCAGGTTGGTATCAAGGTTACAAGACAGGTTTAAGGAGACCAATAGAAACTGGGCATGTGGAGACAGAGAAGACTCTTGGGTTTCTGATAGGCACTGACTCTCTCTGCCTATTGGTCTATTTTCCCACCCTTAGGCTGCTGGTGGTCTACCCTTGGACCCAGAGGTTCTTTGAGTCCTTTGGGGATCTGTCCACTCCTGATGCTGTTATGGGCAACCCTAAGGTGAAGGCTCATGGCAAGAAAGTGCTCGGTGCCTTTAGTGATGGCCTGGCTCACCTGGACAACCTCAAGGGCACCTTTGCCACACTGAGTGAGCTGCACTGTGACAAGCTGCACGTGGATCCTGAGAACTTCAGGGT\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les s\u00e9quences en format FASTA, des <strong>codes \u00e0 1 lettre<\/strong> sont utilis\u00e9s pour repr\u00e9senter les acides nucl\u00e9iques et les acides amin\u00e9s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Codes \u00e0 1 lettre pour les acides nucl\u00e9iques :<\/strong><br>\nAdenine = A<br>Cytosine = C<br>Guanine = G<br>Thymine = T<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><strong>Codes \u00e0 1 lettre pour les acides amin\u00e9s :<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Alanine A, Arginine R, Asparagine N, Aspartate D, Cysteine C, Glutamine Q, Glutamic acid E, Glycine G, Histidine H, Isoleucine I, Leucine L, Lysine K, Methionine M, Phenylalanine F, Proline P, Serine S, Threonine T, Tryptophane W, Tyrosine Y, Valine V<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-89887417-e975-4e9b-b4d8-f738aae76f6a\"><h2>Navigation d&#8217;activit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/?lang=fr\">Chasse au tr\u00e9sor GFP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/gfp-treasure-hunt-introduction\/?lang=fr\">Chasse au tr\u00e9sor GFP \u2013 Introduction<\/a><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-1-database-search\/?lang=fr\">\u00c9tape 1: Recherche avec bases de donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-2-comparison-of-nucleotide-sequences\/?lang=fr\">\u00c9tape 2: Comparaison des s\u00e9quences de nucl\u00e9otides<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-3-translation-of-mrnas\/?lang=fr\">\u00c9tape 3 : Traduction de l&#8217;ARN messager<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-4-comparison-of-amino-acid-sequences\/?lang=fr\">\u00c9tape 4 : Comparaison des s\u00e9quences d&#8217;acides amin\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-5-structure-of-gfp\/?lang=fr\">\u00c9tape 5: Structure de la GFP<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":29191,"parent":28286,"menu_order":6,"template":"","class_list":["post-29190","teachingbase","type-teachingbase","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase\/29190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/teachingbase"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase\/28286"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}