{"id":29188,"date":"2015-10-05T19:24:04","date_gmt":"2015-10-05T17:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/gfp-treasure-hunt-introduction\/"},"modified":"2021-06-17T18:17:20","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T18:17:20","slug":"gfp-treasure-hunt-introduction","status":"publish","type":"teachingbase","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/gfp-treasure-hunt-introduction\/?lang=cs","title":{"rendered":"Honba za pokladem &#8211; GFP &#8211; \u00favod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"vf-tabs\"><ul class=\"vf-tabs__list\" data-vf-js-tabs=\"true\"><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-4299ba5f-81f8-4496-897f-0bfeb0925b82\">\u00davod<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-89887417-e975-4e9b-b4d8-f738aae76f6a\">Navigace aktivity<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"vf-tabs-content\" data-vf-js-tabs-content=\"true\">\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-4299ba5f-81f8-4496-897f-0bfeb0925b82\"><h2>\u00davod<\/h2>\n<p><strong><strong>Jak vypad\u00e1 biologick\u00e1 sekvence a co v\u0161echno se s n\u00ed d\u00e1 d\u011blat?<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee va\u0161e sekvena\u010dn\u00ed centrum osekvenovalo DNA vzorky n\u011bkolika fluorescen\u010dn\u00edch protein\u016f. P\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e za\u010dnete analyzovat sekvena\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky, pod\u00edvejte se jak vlastn\u011b takov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky vypadaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdsledky sekvenace DNA se daj\u00ed zobrazit dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><strong>1. Sekvena\u010dn\u00ed chromatogramy<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"vf-grid | vf-grid__col-3\"><div class=\"vf-grid__col--span-2\"><!--[vf\/content]-->\n<div class=\"vf-content\">\n\n<p>Sekvena\u010dn\u00ed chromatogram ukazuje p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00fdstup ze sekvena\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje v podob\u011b vrchol\u016f (tzv. &#8220;peak\u016f&#8221;).<br>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 b\u00e1ze m\u00e1 jinou barvu:<br>A = <span style=\"color:green\">zelen\u00e1<\/span>\n, C = <span style=\"color:blue\">modr\u00e1<\/span>,G = \u010dern\u00e1, T = <span style=\"color:red\">\u010derven\u00e1<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DNA sekvence se tak d\u00e1 \u010d\u00edst jako sekvence jednotliv\u00fdch &#8220;peak\u016f&#8221;. Zde je p\u0159\u00edklad takov\u00e9ho sekvena\u010dn\u00edho chromatogramu:<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div><!--[vf\/content]-->\n<div class=\"vf-content\">\n\n<figure class=\"vf-figure wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"592\" height=\"235\" class=\"vf-figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chromatogram_Example.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chromatogram_Example.png 592w, https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chromatogram_Example-300x119.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Textov\u00e9 soubory ve form\u00e1tu FASTA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FASTA form\u00e1t je obecn\u00fd textov\u00fd form\u00e1t k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed nukleotidov\u00fdch (DNA a RNA) i proteinov\u00fdch sekvenc\u00ed. Tento form\u00e1t v\u017edy obsahuje \u0159\u00e1dek se znam\u00e9nkem &#8220;v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e&#8221; &#8211; &#8220;&gt;&#8221;, n\u00e1sledovan\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem \u010di kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm popisem sekvence. N\u00e1zev sekvence n\u00e1sleduje za znam\u00e9nkem &#8220;&gt;&#8221; bez jak\u00e9koliv mezery. Dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek obsahuje samotnou sekvenci. Zde je p\u0159\u00edklad <strong>nukleotidov\u00e9 sekvence ve form\u00e1tu FASTA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\" style=\"word-break:break-all\">&gt;Human_1233_P1\nAGGAGCAGGGAGGGCAGGAGCCAGGGCTGGGCATAAAAGTCAGGGCAGAGCCATCTATTGCTTACATTTGCTTCTGACACAACTGTGTTCACTAGCAACCTCAAACAGACACCATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTGCCGTTACTGCCCTGTGGGGCAAGGTGAACGTGGATGGAAGTTGGTGGTGAGGCCCTGGGCAGGTTGGTATCAAGGTTACAAGACAGGTTTAAGGAGACCAATAGAAACTGGGCATGTGGAGACAGAGAAGACTCTTGGGTTTCTGATAGGCACTGACTCTCTCTGCCTATTGGTCTATTTTCCCACCCTTAGGCTGCTGGTGGTCTACCCTTGGACCCAGAGGTTCTTTGAGTCCTTTGGGGATCTGTCCACTCCTGATGCTGTTATGGGCAACCCTAAGGTGAAGGCTCATGGCAAGAAAGTGCTCGGTGCCTTTAGTGATGGCCTGGCTCACCTGGACAACCTCAAGGGCACCTTTGCCACACTGAGTGAGCTGCACTGTGACAAGCTGCACGTGGATCCTGAGAACTTCAGGGT\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-e8541679-b31f-4b25-a291-f828a208a5b1\"><br>Pro sekvence ve form\u00e1tu FASTA se pro jednotliv\u00e9 b\u00e1ze \u010di aminokyseliny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jednop\u00edsmenn\u00e9 k\u00f3dy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1-p\u00edsmenn\u00e9 k\u00f3dy pro nukleov\u00e9 kyseliny:<\/strong><br>Adenine = A<br>Cytosine = C<br>Guanine = G<br>Thymine = T<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1-p\u00edsmenn\u00e9 k\u00f3dy pro aminokyseliny:<\/strong><br>\nAlanine A, Arginine R, Asparagine N, Aspartate D, Cysteine C, Glutamine Q, Glutamic acid E, Glycine G, Histidine H, Isoleucine I, Leucine L, Lysine K, Methionine M, Phenylalanine F, Proline P, Serine S, Threonine T, Tryptophane W, Tyrosine Y, Valine V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-72f8afb0-0cf6-4c8d-aeab-121b49cb64a5\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-89887417-e975-4e9b-b4d8-f738aae76f6a\"><h2>Navigace aktivity<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/?lang=cs\">Honba za pokladem &#8211; GFP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/gfp-treasure-hunt-introduction\/?lang=cs\">Honba za pokladem &#8211; GFP &#8211; \u00favod<\/a><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-1-database-search\/?lang=cs\">Krok 1: Vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v datab\u00e1zi<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-2-comparison-of-nucleotide-sequences\/?lang=cs\">Krok 2: Porovn\u00e1n\u00ed nukleotidov\u00fdch sekvenc\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-3-translation-of-mrnas\/?lang=cs\">Krok 3: P\u0159eklad mRNA<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-4-comparison-of-amino-acid-sequences\/?lang=cs\">Krok 4: Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed aminokyselinov\u00fdch sekvenc\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/gfp-treasure-hunt\/step-5-structure-of-gfp\/?lang=cs\">Krok 5: Struktura proteinu GFP<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":29189,"parent":28284,"menu_order":6,"template":"","class_list":["post-29188","teachingbase","type-teachingbase","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase\/29188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/teachingbase"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase\/28284"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}