{"id":28478,"date":"2015-10-05T13:46:40","date_gmt":"2015-10-05T11:46:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-3-phylogenetic-analysis-of-aligned-protein-sequences\/"},"modified":"2021-06-16T14:32:59","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T14:32:59","slug":"part-3-phylogenetic-analysis-of-aligned-protein-sequences","status":"publish","type":"teachingbase","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-3-phylogenetic-analysis-of-aligned-protein-sequences\/?lang=el","title":{"rendered":"\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 3\u03bf: \u03a6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"vf-tabs\"><ul class=\"vf-tabs__list\" data-vf-js-tabs=\"true\"><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-3687f4f2-ec44-4a8b-b9d9-892ccf767415\">Overview<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-021ae0ac-4eb7-45e0-a5a3-34b30f9bad18\">\u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-adf6fadf-79f2-42ed-a503-272a803893c1\">MUSCLE<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-c6293ee4-0b5e-40e0-a9c1-6cc5cf1cd33e\">\u0395\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-62917c2a-aa30-4312-ad3c-464533410cc0\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-90482065-e743-4d9f-8b75-fb7b30a95db5\">Activity navigation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"vf-tabs-content\" data-vf-js-tabs-content=\"true\">\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-3687f4f2-ec44-4a8b-b9d9-892ccf767415\"><h2>Overview<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 24 \u03bf\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-021ae0ac-4eb7-45e0-a5a3-34b30f9bad18\"><h2>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong>\u0395\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>i.<\/strong> \u03a0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 JalView \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 2\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ii.<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf JalView, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 backspace \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03cc \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iii.<\/strong> \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 FASTA \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1: File &gt; Output to Textbox &gt; FASTA. \u0386\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03be\u03af \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: New &gt; Text Document. \u039a\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03ad \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7:<\/strong> \u03b1\u03bd, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf, \u03b4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. (\u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03bf MUSCLE (\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf output format \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u201cClustalW\u201d). \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03c0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf &#8220;MUSCLE&#8221; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong> \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-adf6fadf-79f2-42ed-a503-272a803893c1\"><h2>MUSCLE<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd FASTA \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 MUSCLE (\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 &#8220;Submit&#8221;, \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03be\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u201cClustalW\u201d \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf output format).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. <\/strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf &#8220;Send to ClustalW_Phylogeny&#8221; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf &#8220;\u0392\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2&#8221; \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9:<br>&#8220;Tree format&#8221;: Default, &#8220;Distance correction&#8221;: ON, &#8220;Exclude gaps&#8221;: ON (\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7-\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac.), &#8220;Clustering method&#8221;: UPGMA, &#8220;P.I.M.&#8221;: ON.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong> \u03a0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf &#8220;Submit&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf &#8220;Phylogram&#8221;, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc &#8220;Real&#8221; \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae &#8220;Cladogram&#8221;. \u03a0\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n<div\n  class=\"vf-embed vf-embed--custom-ratio\"\n\n  style=\"--vf-embed-max-width: 100%;\n    --vf-embed-custom-ratio-x: 640;\n    --vf-embed-custom-ratio-y: 360;\"\n><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/Tools\/msa\/muscle\/\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-c6293ee4-0b5e-40e0-a9c1-6cc5cf1cd33e\"><h2>\u0395\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u0398\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd outgroup \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae; \u0393\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae;<br><strong>2.<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. \u039c\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd; \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-62917c2a-aa30-4312-ad3c-464533410cc0\"><h2>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a0\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf JalView \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (&#8220;Cladogram&#8221; view). \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: \u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 Danio_mel_rec1A \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9, \u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf JalView (\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf backspace \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0395\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 G-\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae VII (\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 G-alpha. \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd;<br><strong>2.<\/strong> \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-90482065-e743-4d9f-8b75-fb7b30a95db5\"><h2>Activity navigation<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/?lang=el\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28422\">\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-1-search-for-protein-identity\/?lang=el\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28444\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 1\u03bf: \u03a4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-2-multiple-sequence-alignment-of-protein-sequences\/?lang=el\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28458\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 2\u03bf: \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce<strong>\u03bd<\/strong><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-3-phylogenetic-analysis-of-aligned-protein-sequences\/?lang=el\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28478\">\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 3\u03bf: \u03a6\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-4-topological-and-structural-analysis-of-proteins\/?lang=el\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28501\"><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 4\u03bf: \u03a4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd<\/strong><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":28479,"parent":28422,"menu_order":2,"template":"","class_list":["post-28478","teachingbase","type-teachingbase","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase\/28478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/teachingbase"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase\/28422"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}