{"id":28421,"date":"2014-01-14T12:36:22","date_gmt":"2014-01-14T11:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/"},"modified":"2021-06-17T14:37:38","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T14:37:38","slug":"opsins-bioinformatics","status":"publish","type":"teachingbase","link":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/?lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Exploration de l&#8217;\u00e9volution des prot\u00e9ines photosensibles"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"vf-tabs\"><ul class=\"vf-tabs__list\" data-vf-js-tabs=\"true\"><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-aeffaa3d-a89c-4cec-a954-6a3ae32d7227\">Aper\u00e7u g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-0d944763-e9ee-4ccc-a55e-ee51613c0e16\">Exigences techniques<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-aa0a2b85-50ab-4cdf-92c9-9fcd7d705013\">Outils bio-informatiques<\/a><\/li><li class=\"vf-tabs__item\"><a class=\"vf-tabs__link\" href=\"#vf-tabs__section-7e7fdaaf-84b8-49f5-8461-ac9c544770a0\">Navigation d\u2018activit\u00e9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"vf-tabs-content\" data-vf-js-tabs-content=\"true\">\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-aeffaa3d-a89c-4cec-a954-6a3ae32d7227\"><h2>Aper\u00e7u g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/h2>\n<p>Dans cette activit\u00e9, nous allons utiliser des approches bio-informatiques pour \u00e9tudier l&#8217;\u00e9volution mol\u00e9culaire des g\u00e8nes. Nous utiliserons tout d&#8217;abord l&#8217;outil appel\u00e9 BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) pour identifier une prot\u00e9ine &#8220;inconnue&#8221; et d\u00e9couvrir des informations fondamentales concernant ses fonctions biologiques. Pour obtenir un aper\u00e7u de l&#8217;\u00e9volution de cette famille de prot\u00e9ines, nous alignerons par la suite des s\u00e9quences de prot\u00e9ines homologues et explorerons la conservation et la variabilit\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions de la prot\u00e9ine afin d&#8217;identifier d&#8217;importants r\u00e9sidus fonctionnels. Dans l&#8217;exercice suivant, nous apprendrons \u00e0 construire un arbre phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tique afin de mieux comprendre la relation qui existe entre les \u00e9l\u00e9ments homologues, paralogues et orthologues et nous \u00e9tudierons la relation \u00e9volutive \u00e0 l&#8217;int\u00e9rieur de la famille de la prot\u00e9ine. La derni\u00e8re partie de l&#8217;activit\u00e9 permettra d&#8217;observer la structure tri-dimensionnelle d&#8217;un des membres de cette famille de prot\u00e9ine.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-0d944763-e9ee-4ccc-a55e-ee51613c0e16\"><h2>Exigences techniques<\/h2>\n<p>Cette activit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour les syst\u00e8mes d&#8217;exploitation Windows. Les utilisateurs de Mac pourraient rencontrer des probl\u00e8mes de compatibilit\u00e9 Java lorsqu&#8217;ils utiliseront JalView et Astex Viewer. Nous recommandons l&#8217;utilisation du navigateur Web Mozilla Firefox lors de la r\u00e9alisation de l&#8217;activit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour pouvoir utiliser JalView et Astex Viewer, le logiciel Java doit \u00eatre install\u00e9 sur votre ordinateur et activ\u00e9 dans votre navigateur Web. Vous pouvez installer Java gratuitement \u00e0 partir de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.java.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">java.com.<\/a> Cliquez sur le lien <a href=\"http:\/\/www.java.com\/en\/download\/help\/enable_browser.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">suivant<\/a> pour voir la proc\u00e9dure \u00e0 suivre afin d&#8217;activer Java sur votre navigateur Web.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-aa0a2b85-50ab-4cdf-92c9-9fcd7d705013\"><h2>Outils bio-informatiques<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>MUSCLE (Multiple Sequence Comparison by Log-Expectation)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/Tools\/msa\/muscle\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/Tools\/msa\/muscle\/<\/a><br>Un outil pour aligner et comparer des s\u00e9quences multiples, particuli\u00e8rement utile pour les s\u00e9quences d&#8217;acides amin\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Protein BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/Tools\/sss\/ncbiblast\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/Tools\/sss\/ncbiblast\/<\/a><br>Un outil qui permet d&#8217;analyser des bases de donn\u00e9es lors de la recherche d&#8217;une prot\u00e9ine. Il permet d&#8217;identifier des similarit\u00e9s locales ou r\u00e9gionales entre des s\u00e9quences de prot\u00e9ines et ainsi trouver l&#8217;identit\u00e9 des prot\u00e9ines manquantes dans la base de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Uniprot<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/<\/a><br>Catalogue d&#8217;informations sur les prot\u00e9ines, incluant des s\u00e9quences et des fonctions des prot\u00e9ines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/pdbe\/\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/pdbe\/<\/a><br>Une base de donn\u00e9es qui contient des informations sur la structure des macromol\u00e9cules biologiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Glossary<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Check out the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/ells-glossary\/\" target=\"_blank\">ELLS Glossary<\/a> for a growing number of bioinformatics-related terms (in English).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"vf-tabs__section\" id=\"vf-tabs__section-7e7fdaaf-84b8-49f5-8461-ac9c544770a0\"><h2>Navigation d\u2018activit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/?lang=fr\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28421\">Exploration de l&#8217;\u00e9volution des prot\u00e9ines photosensibles<\/a><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-1-search-for-protein-identity\/?lang=fr\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28442\">Partie 1: \u00c0 la recherche de l\u2019identit\u00e9 des prot\u00e9ines<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-2-multiple-sequence-alignment-of-protein-sequences\/?lang=fr\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28456\">Partie 2 : Alignements multiples des s\u00e9quences de prot\u00e9ines<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-3-phylogenetic-analysis-of-aligned-protein-sequences\/?lang=fr\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28476\">Partie 3 : Analyses phylog\u00e9n\u00e9tiques des alignements de s\u00e9quences de prot\u00e9ines<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/teachingbase\/opsins-bioinformatics\/part-4-topological-and-structural-analysis-of-proteins\/?lang=fr\" data-type=\"teachingbase\" data-id=\"28499\">Partie 4 : Analyses topologique et structurelle des prot\u00e9ines<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uses bioinformatics to explore the evolution of light-sensitive proteins.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":28402,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"template":"","class_list":["post-28421","teachingbase","type-teachingbase","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","age-group-16-19","topic-area-evolutionary-biology"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase\/28421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/teachingbase"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/teachingbase"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.embl.org\/ells\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}