New pathways in release 49 include WNT in cancer, anthrax toxins, Processing-defective Hh variants and Aflatoxin activation and detoxification, among others.

Disease

• WNT in cancer
• Uptake and function of anthrax toxins
• Processing-defective Hh variants abrogate ligand secretion

Metabolism

• Aflatoxin activation and detoxification.

Immune system

• Activation of IRF3/IRF7 mediated by TBK1/IKK epsilon.

Development

• Updated pathway for EPH-EFN signaling. 

Signal transduction

• TCF-dependent signaling in response to WNT
• VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling
• Hedgehog ligand biogenesis. 

DNA repair

• Mismatch Repair

Chromatin organization

• HDACs deacetylate histones
• RMTs methylate histone arginines
• HDMs demethylate histones. 

Acknowledgements

We thank our external contributors, including: Akira Kikuchi, our external author, and external reviewers Kurt Ballmer, Philipp Berger, Michael Edelbrock, Ernesto Guccione, Richard Hopkinson, Nancy Ip, Stephen Leppla, Shihui Liu, Yulu Liu, Anna Maria Masci, Mahtab Moayeri, Nishani Rajakulendran, Sima Salahshor, Christopher Schofield, Benjamin E Turk, Louise Walport, Michael Welsh, Jim Woodgett, and Xiang-Jiao Yang.

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