Reactome now contains 7686 human reactions, involving 7982 proteins derived from 7,760 human genes and 1428 small molecules. These reactions are organized into 1597 pathways, supported by 17939 PubMed literature references. Human pathways are projected to 96086 orthologous proteins, creating 20804 orthologous pathways in 19 model organisms. Reactome now provides linkouts to protein and small molecule annotations from ZINC, a free database of commercially-available compounds for virtual screening.

Expanded disease coverage with new modules

• Uptake and activity of tetanus and diphtheria toxins
• Diseases associated with N-glycosylation of proteins
• Metabolic disorders of biological oxidation enzymes

Updated pathways

• Gene Expression (PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis)
• Hemostasis (formation of fibrin clot)
• Biological oxidations
• Post-translational protein modification (synthesis of diphthamide-EEF2)
• Organelle biogenesis and maintenance (assembly of the primary cilium)
• Signal transduction (signaling by retinoic acid and Hedgehog ‘on’ state)
• Gene expression
• Transmembrane transport of small molecules.

Acknowledgements

With thanks to our external reviewers: Katsiaryna Belaya, Gregg Duester, Joao Goncalves, Shihui Liu, Yulu Cherry Liu, Esben Lorentzen, Andrew Mumford, Toshio Nakaki, Joseph Napoli, Kuniaki Saito, Shashi  Sharma and Nagarajan Thirunavukkarasu.

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