Ecosystem studies are naturally large, collaborative efforts, which generate and integrate vast amounts of data. Large quantities of data on genes, proteins and other biochemicals, images showing cellular and structural information, but also physical and chemical parameters provide us with information about the environment. Data is collected on site, in the environment, but also produced by experiments in the laboratory. The strength of the ecosystems approach lies in marrying a varied range of large data sets, and using them for analysis, modelling and predicting the future.

Some ecosystems studies focus on the evolution of new viruses and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Scientists study microbes in their natural environments but also in artificial lab settings in which parameters are individually controlled, and the biological outcome is measured. This dual approach leads to understanding gene regulations in different environments, the transfer of genes between unrelated microorganisms and the relationships and dependencies between the organisms. One major goals is to understand how human activity impacts the evolution of microbial ecosystems and the evolution of new diseases.

Ecosystem studies help understanding the mechanisms behind and impacts of some of the biggest problems society faces today; microplastic and pesticide pollution, development of antibiotic resistant bacteria, loss of biodiversity, increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and climate change. With increased understanding come potential solutions and, hopefully, increased motivation for society to act.